Research On The Support Policy Of Non-profit Private Colleges And Universities

As a product of Reform and Opening-up,the prosperity and development of private higher education is closely related to the degree of recognition and support of national policies.Throughout the history of private higher education in China,almost every leap starts with the promulgation of policies.With the promulgation of “the Constitution of the People's Republic of China” in 1982,private higher education has gained legitimacy.With the promulgation of “the Provisional Provisions on the Establishment of Private Institutions of Higher Learning” in 1993,private higher education for academic qualifications has gained legitimacy.The promulgation of the “Private Education Promotion Law” in 2002 has greatly promoted the development of private colleges and universities.However,there are also two-sided policies.Some policies not only promote the development of private higher education,but also bring problems to the development of private higher education.The legitimization of "reasonable return" has dislocated the non-profit school-running design from the development of private colleges and universities,and many profit-making schools have emerged that want to enjoy the preferential policies of the state and pursue economic interests.This not only violated the stipulation of "not running schools for profit" in the Education Act at that time,but also destroyed the institutional environment for the development of private education and hindered the real non-profit running of private colleges and universities.Therefore,in the“Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020)”,it was proposed that private education should be managed according to law,classified management of for-profit and non-profit private schools should be actively explored.As a result,non-profit private schools have been formally written into the national policy documents.However,it was until November 7,2016,the amendment of the “Private Education Promotion Law ”was passed that the standards of non-profit private colleges and universities were formally defined,and the non-profit running of private colleges and universities entered the stage of legalization and standardization.After 40 years of development,private colleges and universities have become an important part of socialist education in China.Therefore,promoting the development of private colleges and universities and forming a common development pattern with public colleges and universities has become a necessary answer.With the release of positive encouragement and strong support for the development of non-profit private colleges and universities in the new law and new policy,the formulation of policies to promote the development of non-profit private colleges and universities has become a new era's optional topic.However,in terms of the historical development context of the support policy and the specific operation of the local governments in implementing the new law and new policy on private education,although the support policy for the development of non-profit private colleges and universities has improved and made breakthroughs,as a whole,especially in the face of the new situation of classified management of private colleges and universities,the support policy for non-profit private colleges and universities is still inadequate.Problems such as imperfection,inadequacy and lack of specificity.Therefore,this study is based on the legal basis of "private education belongs to public welfare and is an integral part of socialist education".It is based on the management theory that higher education is a quasi-public product.It is based on the educational law that education must focus on the cultivation of talents.It integrates the knowledge of pedagogy,management and law to support non-profit private colleges and universities.The course of policy development,realistic challenges and future prospects were studied.The full text is divided into six parts: the first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the origin,significance,research methods,core concepts and so on.The second part is the first chapter,which mainly combs the evolution of the support policy for non-profit running of private colleges and universities in China since the reform and opening up,and its impact on the development of non-profit private colleges and universities in China by using historical,documentary and text analysis methods.The purpose is to elaborate the close relationship between the development of non-profit private colleges and universities and the national policy.The third part is the second chapter.On the basis of the first chapter,this paper summarizes the characteristics and existing problems of the support policies of non-profit private colleges and universities up to now,as well as the current non-profit private colleges and Universities under the support policy in the scale of development,school level,development effectiveness,social effects,high-level construction and other aspects of the results,further illustrates that the policy is the main driving force for the development of non-profit private higher education.The fourth part is the third chapter,which analyses the opportunities and challenges for the development of private higher education in China in the light of the theoretical system of socialist education with Chinese characteristics in the new era and the requirements of the new law of private education.It provides direction and macro guidance for the construction of the support policy for non-profit private colleges and universities in the new era,and puts forward the requirements for the development of the times for the implementation of the support policy for non-profit private colleges and universities.The fifth part is the fourth chapter,which mainly explores the definition criteria of non-profit private universities in the United States,Korea and Japan by using comparative method,and studies the characteristic experience and practices of the three countries in promoting the development of non-profit private universities,so as to provide useful experience for exploring the support policies of non-profit private universities in China.The sixth part is the fifth chapter,which is based on the Eight System Design of "Perfecting the Support System" put forward in "Some Opinions of the State Council on Encouraging Social Forces to Establish Education to Promote the Healthy Development of Private Education".Starting from the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the organizers,teachers,students and private schools,it puts forward concrete encouragement and support for social forces to organize non-profit private high schools.It is hoped to be able to provide reference for the implementation of differentiated support policies in various regions.