The Benefit Of Aerobic Exercise On Inhibitory Control And Its Brain Mechanism In Middle-aged And Older Women

Objectives:Inhibitory control degenaration refers to the decreasing ability to suppress dominant thinking,behavior,and irrelevant stimuli during the completion of task-related target behaviors with increasing age.In this process,it can not reduce and inhibit nerve activity,psychological and behavioral activities effectively.Due to the special physiological characteristics of middle-aged women,changes of endocrine at this age stage will affect the cognitive processing.Aerobic exercise has the effect on improving inhibitory control degeneration.In this article,we compare the function of inhibitory control as well as brain activation in both elderly and young people.Besides,we explore the alteration in the ability of inhibitory control and brain activation in the elderly after eight weeks of aerobic exercise,to further reveal the complex relationship between exercise and inhibitory control.The current research on Inhibitory control focus on the stroop task paradigm mainly.Early detection used stroop paradigm to study suppression control,and found that subjects with damaged prefrontal area had abnormal Inhibitory control function.Stroop paradigm is considered as an effective method to study suppression control.Recent research has used the stroop task and near-infrared spectroscopy technology to study the process of inhibition control.The near-infrared spectrometer reflects the hemodynamic characteristics of local brain regions by non-invasively monitoring the content of oxygenated hemoglobin in the cerebral cortex.The results showed that the "stroop" signal activated the prefrontal lobe of the brain.Regarding aerobic exercise and inhibitory control functions,both in the sequence paradigm and parallel paradigm conditions,it is evidenced that aerobic exercise can improve the inhibitory control.The underlying physiological mechanism may be related to the continuous stimulation of the brain during exercise,which improves the blood flow of the brain,improves the supply of oxygenated hemoglobin in the brain,and improves the efficiency of neurovascular coupling in the brain.The research of inhibitory control is developing,and there are still many problems to be solved.First of all,the inhibitory control functions of different populations are different,but what is the extent of this difference? It is difficult to make a direct comparison in the study of different experimental paradigms.Secondly,the exercise process requires the participation of advanced cognitive processing of the brain.The increase in the content of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal lobe of the brain during exercise suggests an increase in the efficiency of neurovascular coupling,which is related to the improvement of the inhibition and control ability in a quiet state.Studies on the differences in oxygenated hemoglobin content in the brain of the elderly during exercise have focused on the area of ??exercise,but less research on the prefrontal lobe related to inhibitory control functions.Finally,previous research on long-term exercise intervention andinhibition control functions is limited to research methods.Exercise and inhibition effects are affected by intervention methods.The research is limited on exercise and inhibitory control,we can explore other aerobic exercise options.Methods:This study conducted three studies including four experiments to systematically explore the effects of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and its brain mechanisms.Study 1 With near-infrared brain imaging technology(fNIRS),17 elderly and college students were recruited separately.To explore the differences between cognitive behavior and brain activation in the process of elderly and young people conducting the same paradigm.Study 2: Thirty-four middle-aged and elderly females were selected to complete the same load power cycling exercise and Felix bar exercise,and the relative changes in the prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration of the brain were collected during the exercise.Study 3:Exploring the effects of long term aerobic exercise on inhibitory and brain activation in the elderly.Study 4: The effect of aerobic exercise on brain blood oxygen during exercise execution,which provide a solution for exercise programs of brain oxygen enhancement.Results:Result one: Under the rest state,the behavior and brain activation patterns of college students are better than those of the elderly.Result two: With the same exercise load,the middle-aged and elderly female group increased the oxygenated hemoglobin content in the brain's prefrontal lobe compared with the power bicycle exercise during the execution of the exercise(Flix Stick exercise and power bicycle exercise).The effect is more significant,and the degree of activation of specific areas of the brain is more significant.These areas include the left frontal polar area L-FPA(P = 0.000),the right frontal polar area R-FPA(P = 0.000),and the left dorsal prefrontal cortex L-DLPFC(P = 0.019),left ventral prefrontal cortex L-VLPFC(P = 0.000),and right ventral prefrontal cortex R-VLPFC(P = 0.000).Result three: long term aerobic exercise can improve the behavioral performance of middle-aged and elderly people.There is a significant difference in the response time of middle-aged and elderly people before and after exercise(P = 0.007),brain activation pattern of the right frontal pole R-FPA(P = 0.05)showed synchronization.Result four: as with experiment three,after long term aerobic exercise,during flexi exercise,There was a significant difference of activation of the brain R-FPA area(p = 0.049),L-VLPFC area(p = 0.045),R-VLPFC(p = 0.012)in middle-aged and elderly.Conclusions:1.In the rest state,the suppression control ability of middle-aged and elderly people is lower than that of young people.2.During the same exercise the middle-aged and elderly people's overall oxygenated hemoglobin content in the prefrontal lobe of the brain during the exerciseof the Felix bar exercise is higher than that of the power bicycle.3.long term aerobic exercise improves the suppression control function of the middle-aged and elderly people and the activation of the prefrontal lobe of the brain.oooo4.Long term aerobic exercise improved the oxygenated hemoglobin content in the brain's prefrontal lobe during middle-aged and elderly people's exercise.Before and after eight weeks of exercise,an acute exercise test was performed with Felix bar.The oxygenated hemoglobin content increased significantly and cerebral blood flow increased.