Research On The Field Configuration Of After-school Service In Japan

Japanese society has entered an era of serious aging and lack of younger children.On the one hand,it is facing the social background of the increasingly fierce competition of the international community,the expanding demand for talents,the continuous change of employment environment and the intensification of the economic gap.On the other hand,it is the so-called school pathological phenomena caused by the shaking of the central position of schools,the compression of students' time in school,and the intensification of the educational gap.Among these issues,how to strengthen the effective management of the "vacuum" after school time for children enrolled in basic education has become a common concern of Japanese society and families.Through the process of providing effective "welfare" to effective "education",the Japanese government has shifted from simple welfare or single operation of the education department to the integration reform of administrative unification and joint promotion,which reflects the Japanese government's active involvement by utilizing the public power and the idea of formulating effective policies.The final result proves that if the government of a country can stand on the position of the people and adhere to the principle of fairness and justice,it can try to alleviate the dilemma of the so-called Bourdieu's field,which is caused by the gap between the rich and the poor,and thus open a new chapter of the unique Japanese after-school service construction system.This paper mainly focuses on qualitative research,using the methods of literature analysis,historical research,participatory observation,in-depth interviews and comparative research,starting from the scene of after-school service in Japan,referring to Bourdieu's field theory as the analytical framework,in the scale of the policy evolution,development status quo,diachronic and synchronic evolution of after-school service in Japan.After choosing three typical fields of after-school Service-schools,children's halls and community halls,this paper tries to explore the dynamic role of rules,capital and habits in the construction of after-school service field,so as to further explore the relationship between the field construction of after-school service and other factors.This study is divided into eight chapters.Chapter 1 is the introduction.It mainly elaborates the research background,origin,significance,current situation,researchmethods,research process and the definition of core concepts.Chapter 2 is the research framework of this paper-the basis of field theory,introducing the origin of the theory,and interpreting the basic concepts of field from the perspective of physics,psychology and sociology,so as to locate the pedagogical significance of field theory in this study.Chapter 3 is the policy combing of the construction of after-school service field from the perspective of system,through the interpretation of laws and policy texts,to summarize the three important periods and characteristics of the development of after-school service.Chapter 4 starts with the official data at the national macro level,and analyses the development status and dynamic mechanism of after-school service in the field of practice.Chapters 5 to 7 select three typical field spaces of after-school service in Japan,especially through the investigation of local practice to analyze the mode of local practice,and the role of various elements in the field construction.Chapter 8 will make a theoretical summary based on the research from macro level to practice mode,analyzing the current situation and problems of after-school service in China,and to conclude with some feasible policy suggestions.The final reflection of the paper is not only the reflection on the problem itself,but also the reflection on the research topic.This study draws the following conclusions: First,the interaction among national policies,local rules and practice promotion,in which rules(policies)play a leading role in the development of after-school services.Second,the provision of venues and infrastructure is an important guarantee for the implementation of after-school services.Third,through the creation of different field spaces,the field with abstract meaning,that is,the so-called "third space" of neither school nor family,has been connected with the "important others" in the third space,especially through the geographic relationship,thus different from creating a vertical relationship with teachers and parents,and also different from that of classmates and partners,but to create a "third person" oblique relationship,the horizontal relationship connection.Fourth,the field Configuration through the government to set up after-school service related personnel "access principles",and then attract the most suitable talent to enter and serve in the field.The construction of the field of after-school service guaranteed by the government is not the space occupied by the capital market to formulate the "rules of the game",but to ensure that the children from poor families can also enter the field which was not previously open to them.To some extent,the rules of the field criticized by Bourdieu are formulated by the upper-level wealthy people,and the lower-level children can notenter.Even the poor children enter the field,the unfair dilemma of being unable to adapt the field phenomenon would force them to leave.The exploration of the theory and practice of the construction of after-school service field in Japan will play an important role in advising the policy of after-school service in China,as well as the operational mechanism and the basis of practical value.