| For a long time,urbanization driven by constructing mode and industrial agglomeration driven by industrial area mode are main means for governments managing economy,and form the special agglomeration development mode with Chinese characteristics.Although this mode boosts GDP in short term,yet governments take charge in agglomeration development and hamper the role of market in resource allocation.The results are that the agglomerations of population and industry are left behind the space development,and the resource allocation distortion,and the low efficiency,leading to the bottle-neck in China's economy development.These problems reflect the lack of understanding of spatial agglomeration,and people neglect the features of spatial agglomeration,especially its efficiency.Hence,this study starts from the heterogeneous factors'(entrepreneurs and labor)spatial choices,analyzes the essential mechanism of spatial agglomeration of different efficiency.With the theory,the essay does the numerical simulations and empirical studies of China's spatial agglomeration.This study has important theoretical and practical values on understanding the rules of agglomeration development,boosting urbanization and economic coordinative development and transforming governments' functions.The main conclusions are as flows:(?)by building heterogeneous firms and labor agglomeration model,the essay analyze the essential mechanism of spatial agglomeration of different efficiency,the results show:(1)The model has the features of new economic geography model,such as Home Market Effect,Circular and Cumulative Causation,Endogenous Asymmetry,Sudden Agglomeration and Location Stickiness.(2)as far as the firms are considered,the high-tech and low-tech firms are moving across spaces under the impacts of price index effects,home markets effects and competition effects.As for labors,their mobility and pattern are influenced by their heterogeneous tastes and the patter of both high-tech and low-tech firms.In addition,the high-tech firms and low-tech firms have different choices to flow.The former is sensitive to technology competition and the latter depends on labors to a large extent.(3)Trade freedom influences factors mobility.First,for firms,at the initial equilibrium,with trade freedom increases,both high-tech and low-tech firms are likely to experience the break points and sustains points,which are decided by the weight of industrial goods utility,labors' tastes on regions,the differentiation of industrial goods and the amount of labors.Second,for labors,the influence of trade freedom is up to the direct and indirect effect of trade freedom.(4)There are interactions of heterogeneous factors'mobility.Not only that the labors flow with the change of high-tech and low-tech firms' distribution,but both high-tech and low-tech firms 'mobility and agglomeration are influenced by labors' heterogeneous tastes on regions and the rate of labors to entrepreneurs.(?)by developing the heterogeneous firms and labor agglomeration model,the essay explores that the regional policy and household registration system have impacts on heterogeneous firms and labor agglomeration.(1)regional policies have positive effects on firms for encouraging them to flow in,but have negative effects on labors for limiting them to flow in.(2)household registration system has several impacts on spatial pattern:on the whole,household registration system reform can boost the increase with a deceleration of urbanization of population,and reduce the income gap between classes;at the meantime,the effects of household registration system reform are limited by rural labors' mobility costs and the level of trade freedom.(?)based on the heterogeneous firms agglomeration,the essay studies the efficiency of China's spatial agglomeration and finds that:(1)China's industrial economy appears unbalanced development,the total out-put value of all of industries decreases from the east to the west.The sizes and scopes of traditional sectors and transportation sector are larger than financial sector and real estate sector.Second,the agglomeration degrees of industries are low,though most of them grow during 2002-2012.Third,however,spatial spillover effect is considered,the agglomeration degrees of most of industries remain stable or go down,expect several sectors such as transportation sector.Finally,study the manufacturing industries and find out low-tech firms,such as some resource exploitation and processed industries,gather intensively,and high-tech industry appears dispersion.(2)the essay uses the data of 2003-2011 and tests that heterogeneous firms' agglomeration is the cause of the low efficiency of China's spatial agglomeration.the lower-tech industries get more discount policy and show more U-shape relations;And that the agglomeration level in the east is located on the decreasing side of the inverse-U shape,that in the middle is located on the increasing side of U-shape and the agglomeration size in the west is small and has large potential development space.(3)the essay uses the data of listed companies from 2008-2012 and the date of communications equipment manufacturing from 2005-2007 and analyze the determinants of heterogeneous firms agglomeration,points out that demand of market,market competition,fiscal and taxation policies and household register system are the main determinants of spatial agglomeration efficiency.(?)based on the population agglomeration,the essay studies the efficiency of China' s spatial agglomeration and finds that:(1)Agglomeration features of China's Labors are as follows:First,impacted by industry pattern,population density has clear disparity across regions and decreases from the east to the west.It shows banding patterns.At the same time,the population in the east gathers intensively in the Chang-delta,Pearl-Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regions,showing block pattern.Second,the population in the middle and the west flow towards the east,especially the Chang-delta,the Pearl-Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regions.Third,the aging population becomes higher in the whole country,especially in the main labor-exporting provinces and the labor-importing provinces.Fourth,the population in the east is relatively intensive and city sizes increase,so that city clusters in the east are of high quality,but city clusters in the middle and the west are faced with lack of population or lack of economic activities.(2)Uses the data of cities from Chang-delta and studies that firms' distributions and the factors affecting people's choice including public investment,traveling development and afforestation in city are the important determinants of city size,and openness will expand the employment in city.(3)the more human capital,the high efficiency of spatial agglomeration,and the essay studies the determinants of human capital's agglomeration and finds that::in the analysis of domestic factors,financial investment in education,middle and high schools or colleges,service industry,industrialization and urbanization have significantly positive effects on regional human capital cultivation size,the better economic geographic conditions including market potential,population density,the higher human capital accumulation,but the lower human capital cultivation.It reflects the strong mobility of human capital and means that how to attract and use human capital is as important as how to cultivation.In addition,from the openness angle,the agglomeration of FDI of manufacturing boosts the size of human capital accumulation,and the agglomeration of FDI of service industry improves the structure of human capital accumulation.(?)based on the coordinative development of industry-population-space,the essay studies the efficiency of China's spatial agglomeration and finds that:(1)China' economy is driven by industry development,and human and space system develops slower than industry system.(2)The coordinative degree of China's industry-human-space is not high,which reflects the relation between market and government is not managed well.(3)Comparing the regions,it is clear that the coordinative degree of industry-human-space in the east is much better than that in the middle the west,though the gap is narrowing.Implications are that respect the market rules,transform the function of governments,boost the free mobility of factors,improve spatial agglomeration efficiency,guide the factors to flow towards the inland,encourage firms to make innovation and human capital to develop,promote the coordinative development of economy,human and space,and in real improve economy quality and people's living standards.The implication provides the strong theoretical supports and practical guides for China's economy transformation and reform;to be specific;it has strong reference values on the industry agglomeration development strategy,human capital development strategy,new urbanization strategy and regional coordinative development strategy. |
PDF Full Text Request