A Study On The Impact Of Trade Openness On China's Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity

The fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the concept of "innovation,coordination,green,open,sharing" of the five development ideas to lead and guide China's development and practice during the "13th Five Year Plan" period and even in the future for a long time.The concept of green development has been placed in a prominent position,with distinctive characteristics of the times,which has a significant role to correct the traditional idea of GDP-orientation extensive development type of high energy consumption,high pollution,high emission.After nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up,China's foreign trade development entered a new stage,the total volume of trade and the total carbon dioxide emissions are both the first in the world.In the face of the severe situation of resource constrains,environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation,how to coordinate the relationship between trade liberalization and environmental protection to improve China's industrial green total factor productivity(TFP)and truly implement the concept of green development has become very urgent.Therefore,to grasp the mechanism of the impact of trade openness on China's industrial green TFP accurately and to explore the growth effects and spatial spillover effects of the trade openness on China's industrial green TFP has important theoretical value and practical significance to formulate the trade policy that improve the industrial green TFP as the core and to realize the China's industrial green transformation.To begin with,this dissertation analyzed the impact of trade openness on industrial green TFP based on literature review and analysis of the status quo to clarify the mechanism of trade openness effects the industrial green TFP theoretically,then examined the growth effects and spatial spillover effects of the trade openness on China's industrial green TFP empirically from the three dimensions of static,dynamic and space,finally put forward the policy recommendations on improving the China's industrial green TFP based on the empirical conclusion.Firstly,to estimate the China's industrial green TFP.Using the non-radial and non-angle SBM model which considering the non-expected output and the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure 30 Chinese provinces industrial green TFP during 2004-2014 under the environmental constraints,also analyzed the source of economic growth,regional difference,dynamic evolution and convergence.The results showed that the average growth rate of the overall China's industrial green TFP was more than 10%,mainly due to industrial technological progress and the improvement of technical efficiency of industry gave small contribution;the difference of industrial green TFP growth rate was very large among provinces,but it had a tendency to gradually narrow the difference;the China's industrial green TFP growth rate had a distinguishing feature of club convergence,and the convergence rate was decreasing from the east to the west.Secondly,to measure the growth effect of trade openness on China's industrial green TFP.The static and dynamic panel data models were established respectively,the results showed that,first,China's trade openness was not conductive to the growth of industrial green TFP on the whole,export trade had a significant negative impact on the growth of industrial green TFP,while the import trade had a positive impact on the growth of industrial green TFP.Second,the import trade and R&D investment had a"complementary effect",the import trade could promote the growth of industrial green TFP with the cooperation of domestic R&D;while import trade and human capital had a "substitution effect",which showed that human capital had weakened the positive effects of import trade on the growth of industrial green TFP.Third,FDI,environmental regulation,R&D investment and human capital could promote the growth of industrial green TFP,and the environmental regulation and growth of industrial green TFP showed "U"-shaped curve,while capital deepening was not conductive to the growth of industrial green TFP.Fourth,there were significant differences of the impact in different regions,such as the "substitution effect" between import trade and R&D investment existed in the east,but the "substitution effect" between import trade and human capital is not obvious in the east;while in the central and western land,the"complementary effect" between import trade and R&D investment and the"substitution effect" between import trade and human capital were both significant.Thirdly,to study the spatial spillover effect of trade openness on China's industrial green TFP.First of all,the spatial agglomeration characteristics and dynamic evolution of trade openness and industrial green TFP were analyzed by using Moran index and Moran scatter plot and then used SDM model and SEM model to do the LM estimation,the results showed that,first,the trade openness and industrial green TFP of China's provinces had significant positive spatial autocorrelation,which showed a high concentration and low concentration of the "polarization effect",and they had similar spatial structure.Second,there was "Matthew effect" in regional distribution of the trade openness and industrial green TFP of China's provinces,but they had difference in specific forms,the former showed strong spatial heterogeneity and non-equilibrium pattern,while the latter showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and non-equilibrium pattern only in low areas.Third,there was a significant path dependence and low mobility characteristics in the geographical distribution of China's trade openness,while the geographical distribution of industrial green.TFP had no obvious path dependence,but it had high mobility characteristics.Fourth,the results of spatial econometric estimation were consistent with the results of static and dynamic panel models.Finally,in order to optimize the trade policy and to promote the positive role of promoting China's industrial green TFP,this dissertation put forward some policy recommendations on trade,investment,emission reduction and R&D based on the conclusions of this study,such as adjusting the mode of foreign trade,guiding the FDI,strengthening the government environmental regulation,increasing the green R&D investment and so on.