Research On Firms' Innovation Heterogeneity Based On Technology Distance

In recent years,the problem of "Innovation Paradox" is apparent on Chinese technology innovation,namely,with the rapid increase of input and output of innovation,the corresponding growth of Chinese total factor productivity does not appear.To explain the issues,we need to discuss enterprise micro level in-depth,and the current Chinese enterprise innovation of heterogeneity becomes the important perspective to explain the problem.Specifically,part of the enterprises in China are close to the technology frontier and start the independent innovation,but there is still quite of enterprise far away from the technological frontier,which are still in the stage of technical imitation.How technology distance affect the selection of enterprise innovation mode?What kind of enterprise innovation ability that enterprise heterogeneity need and what constraints enterprise heterogeneity facing?These are the three questions that need to be answered in this paper.Based on this,by puting technology distance as the breakthrough point,we construct the analysis framework of enterprise heterogeneity innovation to research the different technological innovation problems of enterprises in different stages of technology.First of all,start from the relationship between the frontier technology gap and heterogeneity of enterprise innovation model,build the enterprise technology innovation model of two phase,the paper found enterprises near the technological frontier select the mode of independent innovation due to great benefits brought by the independent innovation.Secondly,considering the problem of the technology distance and the heterogeneity of enterprise innovation ability,after adding enterprise competence into theory model,we found that the heterogeneity of enterprise innovation ability should be suitable to enterprise heterogeneity innovation model.When both of them are appropriate,enterprises will be more early to transform from technology imitation to independent innovation.Finally,this paper researched external constraints of enterprise heterogeneity innovation.When companies choose technology imitation,market constraints will make the enterprises encounter mismatch problem in technical imitation stage for technology selection,and the technological monopoly will make enterprises encounter the problem of technology spillover blocking in independent innovation phase.Based on the analytical framework,this article has carried on the related research and come to a conclusion as follows:First,after measuring the technology distance on enterprise level,the paper researched the influence of technology distance on enterprise innovation model by the empirical model,the results showed that as companies near the technological frontier,the probability of enterprises' independent innovation will increase,and the probability of selection techniques to imitate will decrease,which verifies the theoretical analysis in this paper.Second,based on three aspects of the enterprises' ability,namely,human capital,the financing structure and organization form,this paper researched the influences of the enterprises' ability on heterogeneity of the enterprise innovation under the frontier technology gap.On the basis of the human capital in enterprises,the research found that with the closer enterprise get to the technological frontier,promoting effect of human capital of high-tech and the specificity of human capital on the enterprises'innovation is more apparent.Starting from the financing structure,the study found that endogenous financing is still the important form of enterprises' independent innovation,equity financing with a positive impact on the enterprise independent innovation,but a negative impact on the business of imitation,debt financing,the informal finance and other forms of financing will significantly reduce the probability of independent innovation of enterprise.But the impact on enterprise technology imitation is not significant.From the point of enterprises' organization form,along with the closer enterprise get to the technological frontier,outsourcing will be more conducive to enterprise's innovation.Third,aiming at the problem of "technology mismatch" in the technology imitation of backwardness enterprise,based on building the model of the enterprise heterogeneity that add technology selection and econometric model,this paper found that government bias will cause the loss of the power of high levels of production technology,but the open markets that enterprise feces will promote enterprises to adopt high level technology.In addition,the increase of direct export quotas will promote the use of high technology enterprise,but the impact of indirect export on technology adoption is not significant.Fourth,aiming at the problem of "technology spillover blocking" that frontier technology breakthrough encounter.This paper argues that the enterprises of late-development countries in the technological frontier state will have three kinds of innovation,namely,achieving and maintaining the technological frontier,following the technological frontier and away from the world technological frontier.Under the background of technology spillover blocking,enterprises in the late-development countries continuing follow will lead to difficult to achieve technological breakthroughs.Through the government behavior,therefore,giving full play to the advantages of the industrial chain and the national innovation policy advantage,promote cutting-edge enterprises achieve and maintain in the technological frontier through technological breakthroughs.By introduction of the successful cases of Chinese high-speed rail,the paper found that the frontier enterprises is still an important system of innovation,and industries dominated by the government and national innovation system promote the frontier enterprises can effectively realize the breakthrough of core technology,and complete the integration innovation of frontier technology.