Study On The Function Of Rural Land Security And Its Connection With Social Security System

Modern society is essentially a risk society.Farmers are facing more risks in the process of transition from traditional agricultural society to modern society.As the social security system of China is still in early stage,as a traditional form which supports farmers' livelihood,land security is still needed to play a role.This article aims to discuss the relationships between the establishment and development of social security system,and how the function of land security is worked under current socio-economic environment;and,to provide political evidences for the establishment of "two-pillar" farmer security system according to the characteristics of land security system and social security system and their actual support capabilities,as well as farmers' professional characteristics and security needs.The article divides the function of land security into income security and employment security.The income guarantee function of land means that farmers obtain land outcomes through labor inputs.The employment protection function of land refers to that migrant farmers respond to unemployment risks by stable land contracting rights.Traditional land protection mainly refers to the surviving income protection based on land production,however,its overall guarantee ability is limited due to the resource attributes of land,agricultural risks,and characteristics of the agricultural product market.The employment protection function of land emerges from the process of rural labor migration to cities.When migrant workers in cities cannot obtain stable non-agricultural employment and social security benefits,they prefer to return to rural areas to work on land.Therefore,the employment protection function of land is of great significance for the unemployment of migrant workers and the stabilizing of society.However,after the farmers return to rural areas,they will face inadequate land income guarantees again,and will choose to increase their income through temporary employment.Therefore,the two functions of land security show a low level circulation in the process of urban and rural labor mobility.ln order to break this low-level cycle,it is necessary to improve the employment and social security policies for the transfer of rural labors between rural and urban areas.Besides,it is necessary to strengthen the function of land income security by system innovation.The review on different historical stages of the coexistence of land security and social security shows that the forms and contents of land security is changing at different development stages of social security system,and plays a complementary role to social security system.Land security and social security are overlapping in function and heterogeneous in their coverage objects.Above two characteristics are the main reason why people often confuse the two systems.According to foreign experience and the characteristics of farmers in China,this paper believes that by returning the occupational attributes of the concept of "farmers",an old-age annuity system for farmers can be established so as to support the "second pillar" function of farmers' old-age insurance.The old-age pension system of farmers is characterized by the role of the state as the "employer" of farmers.The state' s financial subsidies and land' s production income jointly contributes to the fund-raising.Different payment standards are set according to different types of farmers.Ultimately farmers are given different levels of old-age pension.The old-age pension system for farmers is an exploration of the retirement system of farmers.It can not only effectively supplement the old-age security of farmers,but also increase the enthusiasm of farmers to engage in agricultural production.