A Study On The Pension Security Problems Of Rural Migrant Workers

The rural migrant workers are a special group emerging from the special period of historical changes, economic and social transformation. They own the household register status of peasant, and have farmlands in country, but they engage in non-agricultural industries, and their main income source with salary. From countryside into cities, from farmlands into factories, rural migrant workers provided a constant flow of cheap labors for our economic and social developments. They have become a very important part of Chinese industrial workers, the indispensable force in the process of Chinese industrialization, urbanization and modernization, and have made an outstanding contribution for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Because of the sharp transformation of economy and society, many of the old systems produced in the era of planned economy began to be abolished. However, the new system that ought to be compatible with the socialist market economy still needs to be improved. So, it made it hard for the interests of some freshman groups and vulnerable groups to get effective safeguard. On the one hand, as a new group appeared since the Reform and Opening, rural migrant workers conformed to the socialist market economic tide, and made an outstanding contribution for the economic and social developments; on the other hand, due to the imperfect system and the weakness of the place, it is hard for them to protect their lawful rights effectively. At the meantime, their practical benefits of survival and development are being constantly invaded. The problems of rural migrant workers are related to their practical benefits, social harmony, stability and sustainable development, and have attracted extensive attention of the CPC, Chinese government and academic circles.The pension security problems of rural migrant workers are highlighted in the lack of system. It is hard to attend social endowment insurance equally as the city workers do, and the insurance rate is extremely low. Among those who have attended social endowment insurance, the overall security level of migrant workers is very low. Compared with the low income, the payment level is very high. Because endowment insurance relation can't be transferred across regions, it is difficult to adapt to the characteristics of high liquidity migrant workers, which lead to high surrender rate and harm migrant workers' benefits greatly. From the perspective of improving socialist market economy, based on the basic national conditions, the study mainly focuses on the future's overall situation of economic and social development. Combined with the traditional social security theory, this paper innovatively applied basic principle of political economics and the old-age security thoughts of Marxist classic writers. Then, the research analyses pension security problems and reasons for migrant workers. At last, some targeted feasible countermeasures are put forward.It is indicated in this study that the direct cause lies in the unreasonable system design, higher payment rate, the lower overall plan level, difficulty in transferring pension security accounts, which made low participating rate but high surrender rate of migrant workers' social pension insurance. Also, the unreasonable system design leads to reverse conditioning of the national income, which departs from the original intention of social security system to shrink the gap between the rich and the poor. To sum up, the profound reasons mainly include the deep-rooted dual economic and social structure. Other causes like the backward ideas and inertial thinking of each side, the lack of law, unclear government responsibility, and incomplete transformation of government function, shortsightedness of interested parties.This study provides some following suggestions to solve the pension security problems of rural migrant workers. First, it is most important to fully recognize the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism. Thus, we should adhere to the principles of people-centered and the rule by law, and correctly deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness. Second, we must create a unified national pension insurance system as soon as possible, but at present it is necessary to make corresponding institutional arrangements based on the differentiation tendency of migrant workers, and adjust the limitation of the lowest payment age. At last, what we need to do is keep working to get the best legislation, step up law enforcement, strengthen the government's responsibility, increase government input, strengthen rural migrant workers' consciousness to participate the social pension insurance and perfect the new rural pension insurance system finally.