| Data is crucial for scientific research especially for humanities and social science Benefiting form the big data era and the development of information technology,a series of new trends emerged in the filed of humanities and social science involving new research paradigm,new research topic and new research methods,and so on.With the advantages such as large sample size,strong timeliness,low cost and self-integrated location information with small space scale,big data meets the needs of geographical studies well particularly.Nowadays,tourism and leisure become an indispensable part in people’s everyday life,Tourists and local residents share urban space,public facilities and other city infrastructures has become a remarkable feature of modern cities.It is well accepted that tourist activities is important to cities by upgrading city industrial structure,optimizating city function,improving urban environment and a series of other positive effects.However,the high-intensity activities of tourists have broken the original relative balance of the city,which has intensified the conflicts among different urban groups in the use of urban public space and public resources.Taking Wuhan city as a research case,based on space production theory,geographical location throries,tourism system theory,tourism destination life cycle theory,and other theories,using method such as literature review,GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis,applying multiple big data resources such as POI from Baidu Map,heat map of Baidu Map,real-time navigation data,and tourist review data and so on,this thesis systematically studied the tourism space of a comprehensive megacity.Firstly,this study clarified concepts of big data,urban tourism and tourism space.Secondly,literature review is conducted under the key words of "big data research in human geography","urban research based on big data",and "urban tourism space research".Thirdly,the identification,evaluation and optimization of urban tourism space are disscussed in three chapters respectively.Main conclusions are as follows:(1)A basic-core-potential structure is indentified in Wuhan urban tourism space from the viewing point of tourism supply factors,comprehensive urban space ursers and external tourists respectively.Wuhan tourism basic space which covers an area of 85 square kilometers,is a relatively concentrated area that contains more than half of wuhan tourism supply elements.The basic space mainly distributed in Hankou district and Wuluo road of Wuchang district.Wuhan tourism core spaces are four tourism activities high intensity zones which located within the scope of the tourism basic space,namely North Shore Group,South Shore Group,East lake Group and Optical Valley Group respectively.Wuhan tourism potential spaces are three areas that often visited by external tourists but less used by local residents,so they are not included inside the tourism basic space.Because Wuhan city is a certain typical city in China,by extension,this paper argues that tourism basic space,tourism core space and tourism potential space also exist in other cities,which may be considered as an universal analyzing tool for urban tourism space research.(2)A block-shaped and line-shaped spatial variation structure has been recognized for wuhan tourism space satisfaction.Based on the space identification,by using customer review data from dianping.com,this paper evaluates 5 tourism supply elements including sightseeing,food&beverages,shopping centers or shopping streets,entertainment facilities and hotel.Results show that high tourism satisfaction space mainly gathered in the yellow crane tower,central south road,wuhan university and hubei provincial museum in Wuchang district,and jianghan road,hankou river beach area in Hankou district.In addition,this paper evaluates the accessibility of wuhan’s tourism spaces by applying the real-time navigation data collected form baidu map.Evaluation results show that compared with the convenient external transportation facilities,wuhan city’s inner public traffic access is the short slab for the cities’ tourism development.(3)The identification and evaluation of urban tourism space is an effective gripper to promote "all-for-one tourism".The identification and evaluation of Wuhan urban tourism space supports the standpoint that tourist flows are significantly concentrated within city destinations,and most tourism supply elements are gathered in several areas within a city,so that the expansion of the tourism space has its border rather than all over the city.This conclusion helps us to reconsider the concept of "all-for-one tourism" as an idea to get rid of the old tourism development model of emphasizing scenic spots only.Urban tourism space identification and evaluation,on the one hand,can help policy makers have to pin on the key areas of the city and to seek out the right working orientations.(4)The dissimilation and anti-dissimilation of space is the effective mechanism for a shared urban space between external tourists and local residents.With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards,there will be more and more external tourists as well as local recreationists sharing city spaces and resources.In peak tourist season,local residents will consciously or unconsciously deliver some urban space to tourists,which is considered the process of residence space dissiminating into tourism space,while in off-season some typical tourism space become local people’s living space through the process of anti-dissimilation and mainly used by local recreationists.Based on the dissimilation and anti-dissimilation law,this paper argues,in the tourist peak season,city governance should guide the dissimilation of living space to tourism space,while in off-season,should guide the tourism space return to citizen’s daily life space in order to rebalance the city’s space use between difference seasons.(5)Demand fulfillment of both local residents and tourists is the standing point of tourism space evaluation."Is the space in good condition or not" is the main question of space evaluation.As for tourist space,the evaluation standards should be rooted in the satisfaction of both tourists and local residents.However,tourists and local residents has been separated into two systems in former urban research and plannings.The urban planning authorities often ignore tourists because tourists’ activities spaces,arrival time and scale is difficult to determin,while urban tourism management authorities are only able to propose facilities that specially designed for tourists,although studies show that tourists prefer facilities that mainly provided to local people.Therefore,if we unify the local people and tourists under the category of"urban users",and carefully study the common point and difference of those two parties,then focus more on ordinary people’s daily life and mass tourists’ basic needs such as food,accommodation,transportation,sightseeing,shopping and entertainment,we are able to organize urban space more sufficiently and offer a better place both for tourists and local residents.(6)Big data is an important breakthrough of urban tourism space research.The data this paper used is mainly generated and grabed from the Internet.Including POI from Baidu Map,heat map of Baidu Map,real-time navigation data,and tourist review data and so on.Through the cleaning,mining and analysis of those multiple data,the study completed the recognition,evaluation and optimization of urban tourism space and achieved relatively fruitful results.It is safe to say,big data is a handy tool for urban space study,and it provides a lot of new perspectives to observe the city space and people who use city spaces.Researchers are able to observe group behaviour as easily as individuals,and able to simulate the city as a whole as conviently as simulate one part of a city.Main innovations of this paper include:(1)as for the research perspective,this paper combines observing angles of both tourism research and city research,and unified two discourse systems to some extent.(2)as for the research content,different from former scattered research,this paper systematicly studied urban tourism space,mainly focused in urban tourism space identification,evaluation and optimization.(3)as for the research methods,this paper using POI data,heat map,real-time traffic data,text data,customer comments and other multiple big data,explores the integrated platform of ArcGIS,social network analysis methods and other methods to analyse urban tourism space both quantitatively and qualitatively. |
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