Farmers' Agricultural Management:Involved In The Division Economy

It's the inevitable demand of China's modern agricultural construction that constantly adjust and renew of agricultural operation mode,and gradually construct of new agricultural management system.In order to improve the decentralized and diseconomies of scale family management,it's necessary to develop moderate scale agricultural management.However,at present,the difficulty of farmland circulation restricts the expansion of agricultural scale,the decentralized and fragmented pattern of farmers' management restricts the possibility frontier of factor allocation efficiency,thus it's not very significant to seek the effect of land scale management solely based on the transfer and concentration of farmland.Hence,looking for other forms of scale management from a new clue,and realizing the agricultural scale economy together,has important theoretical and practical value.The essence of scale management is division of labor and specialization.From the perspective of farmers' participation in agricultural division of labor,this paper attempts to discuss the problem of horizontal division of labor and vertical division of labor in agricultural management,thus to reveal the generation logic scale agricultural services from both theoretical and empirical aspects.Horizontal division of labor generally refers to the division of labor according to the different labor departments,in this paper it is considered from the perspective of variety,which means that farmers choose to produce different agricultural products;Vertical division of labor usually refers to the division of labor at different stages of the labor process,in this paper it refers to some of the production of agricultural were entrusted to other subjects for service outsourcing.The main research idea of this paper is:(1)From the perspective of factor allocation,this paper expounds the mechanism and determinants of farmers' participation in horizontal division of labor.(2)From the perspective of technology division,property rights segmentation and transaction,this paper discusses the internal logic and driving factors of farmers' participation in vertical division of labor.(3)From the perspective of the combination of two kinds of division of labor,this paper explores the decisive mechanism and structural evolution of farmers' participation in division of labor.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The technological progress improves the separability of agricultural production technology,the industrialization of agriculture and the improvement of equipment technology has lengthened circuitous production chain,the innovation of substitution of labor and evaluation means decreases the supervision cost and transaction cost,which all will prompt farmers to participate in vertical division of labor,and will develop the division of agriculture furtherly.(2)The transaction characteristics of agriculture imply different transaction costs,which restrict farmers' reallocation of resources,thus affecting farmers' decisions of production and division of labor.Agricultural division of labor depends on the separability of property in the production,the nature of property right that farmers participate in division of labor is: different subjects can improve the efficiency of resource utilization according to their different comparative advantages and the matching of different value attributes of resources.(3)The capacity dimensions of different farmers are different,when the transaction efficiency is high,the farmers will choose specialized production according to their comparative advantages.The greater the comparative advantage of farmers,the more they can promote the farmers to participate in the division of labor under the condition of lower transaction efficiency,specialized produce the superior agricultural products or services.(4)The main reasons for the diversification of farmers is the restriction of land fragmentation and the avoidance of risk.With the improvement of transaction efficiency,the level of balanced division of labor is improved,farmers will movetowards specialized management,form the mode of horizontal division of labor from the angle of variety,planting scale and sales scale.The degree of farmers' specialization and endogenous comparative advantage increased accordingly,and it will gradually form the same direction specialization in the geographical unit area.(5)The improvement of transaction efficiency leads to the structural evolution of farmers' participation in vertical division of labor,the lower the complexity of the task,the lower the cost of supervision and inspection,the smaller the elasticity of production,the easier it is to be outsourced.With the improvement of the degree of outsourcing production processes,different types of farmers will to be relocated and replaced in the vertical division structure,chain of production and transaction will to be elongated,the producer services outsourcing market will to be formed,which will result in a significant effect of the division of labor network,increase the income of farmers and improve agricultural economic efficiency.(6)The farmers' participation in the horizontal division of labor and the formation of the same direction specialization in the region will be the endogenous requirement for the farmers to participate in the vertical division of labor.The farmers' participate in the vertical division of labor was determined by the market capacity,which thus will lead to the economies of scale of services.Through the horizontal specialization and continuous specialization,it can effectively expand the market capacity,induce the formation of agricultural service main body,and promote the vertical division of farmers.(7)The degree of specialization of different varieties is different from that of the factor endowment of production.For example,the degree of specialization of grain is greatly affected by the size of the land.The degree of outsourcing of different parts of agriculture varies,for example,there is a high degree of outsourcing of tillage,harvest,storage and transportation,and fertilization and irrigation.Moreover,the degree of outsourcing is significantly affected by market size and transaction costs.