Research On The Evolution Process And Mechanism Of The Coupling Of Tourism Demand And Destination Supply

City is the main occurrence of tourism flow,but the equilibrium state of the supply and demand of tourism in the city often becomes a difficult problem,which puzzles the city managers.In order to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of urban tourism,the coordinated development of urban tourism supply and demand needs urgent sorting out.The coupling degree and coupling coordination degree are the theories of evaluating coordinating relationship between objects,which is considered to be an important path of understanding the degree of coordinated development of city tourism.Tourism supply and demand coordination and coupling proposition receives more and more attention from scholars.Studying on the problem of tourism supply and demand coupling shows that tourism flow is the explicit external manifestation of tourists demand,and the overall reception of tourist destination is the inherent ability of tourist supply.A systematic evaluation of the coordination of tourism supply and demand in the destination can be realized if systematically study of supply and demand applying on the platform of destination.The academic circles have made many achievements on the study of tourism supply and demand coupling,but the existing research results have the following problems and shortcomings in the theoretical level:①The system and hierarchy of the existing tourism supply and demand coupling evaluation index system is insufficient,which affects the systematic understanding of the coupling of tourism supply and demand;②The existing research seldom studies the evolution process of tourism supply and demand coupling from a diachronic perspective,and lacks the attention to the coupling growth driving mechanism of tourism flow and destination supply and demand;③Most of the existing researches focus on the perspective of the urban tourists,to explore the coupling relationship among the subsystems in the destination.The perception evaluation of the tourism supply and demand coupling of the stakeholders is ignored in the perspective of the residents.Therefore,this study focuses on the theme of "tourism supply and demand system coupling".Supported by the National Natural Science Fund "The coupling of tourism flows and destination:The factors,model and mechanism of inbound tourism in six big city as example"(N0.41271158),taking six typical inbound tourist city of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Xi’an,Chengdu and Kunming as the case,from the perspective of urban inbound tourism,and the coupling of inbound tourist flow and the destination of supply and demand system of the cities as the research object,based on the system theory,the coupling theory,embryology,tourism system theory,and we collect the authoritative statistical data of the six big cities of inbound tourism flow and destination supply and demand in 20 years,and 10797 effective samples of stakeholder groups of the six cities.Applied with the empirical methods of the analysis of coupling degree,coupling coordination degree,and structural equation model,the paper diachronically investigated the evolution characteristics,influence factors,and driving mechanism of the inbound tourism coupling growth with the city of destination system.Theoretically,it is expected to deepen the understanding of the growth process and driving mechanism of the destination and self-organization system coupled of tourism,further expand the research depth of tourism supply and demand coupling through the systematic research on the typical tourist city of supply and demand coupling.Practically,provide scientific reference for understanding the destination tourism supply and demand coordination law,and control the advantages and disadvantages factors of the tourist supply and demand.The main research contents include:constructing the coupling concept model and new index system of tourism demand and destination supply;The evolution characteristics and influencing factors are discussed.The coupling mechanism of the two systems is analyzed.The coupling evaluation of the two systems is evaluated.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The paper come up with the conceptual model of the interaction between the inbound tourism flow and the destination system,and a new system of coupling evaluation is constructed.Inbound tourism flow system includes two subsystems,which are tourism scale and benefit.And this big system includes a total of 11 indicators,such as travel time,tourist stay time,tourism income and tourism consumption.The destination system includes six subsystems,such as tourist attractions,tourism enterprises,regional economy,infrastructure,natural environment and human environment.And this system includes a total of 61 indicators,such as enterprise efficiency and economic structure of 21 elements.The index system is more hierarchical,systematic and dynamic than the existing research system.(2)This paper summarizes and compares the characteristics and laws of the process of coupling development and development of the supply and demand of the six cities.It is found that the coupling curves of the inbound tourism flow and the destination system show the "rise-fall" rule of the six cities.The large-scale effect of the tourists’ intrinsic motivation and demand leads to the active response of the destination supply system.Because of the changes of the tourists’ demand and the differences of the strength for the destination intrinsic subsystem and factor supply,it is causing the supply of the destination to be insufficient or excessive.Besides,national macroeconomic policies and emergencies also be the important reasons,ultimately all these factors lead to the "rise-fall in the growth".The coupling development level of the two systems in the eastern city is higher than that in the western cities.The coupling development of the two systems in Shanghai is the highest than other cities,in contrast,the level of Kunming is the lowest.(3)This paper analyzes the influencing factors of the influx of tourism and the supply and demand of the six cities,and finds out the succession of the dominant factors of the inbound tourism flow and the supply and demand of the six cities.The two systems of the supply and demand subsystems exist succession phenomenon in the different stages of development,which influence and dominate the two systems coupled with the growth and evolution.The inbound tourism flow system dominates the evolution of the two systems in the severe and moderate dysplasia stage.In the stage of mild disorder,the subsystems that dominate the growth and evolution of the two systems are beginning to change.The role of subsystems in the inbound tourism flow system is weakened and the role of the destination supply subsystem is enhanced.At the stage of primary coordination,the subsystems that dominate the growth and evolution of the two systems continue to evolve and transform,and finally the destination system gradually dominate the growth and evolution of the two systems.(4)This paper analyzes the transformation and optimization process about the influencing factors of the supply and demand in the six cities,and from the perspective of internal and external motivation and growth,the driving mechanism of coupling growth between inbound tourism flow and destination system is proposed.Tourist demand is the development driving force for the coupling growth between the inbound tourism flow and the destination system.The self-organization development and dynamic evolution between the demand of inbound tourism flow and destination supply are the primary driving forces to determine the coupling growth curve.The transformation and change of the internal factors and the subsystems in the different stages of development are the internal driving forces that affect the coupling growth of the two system.The dynamic support of national policies and the emergence of special event years are external driving forces.(5)This paper evaluate the similarities and differences between supply and demand of inbound tourists,community residents and tourism practitioners in six tourist cities.Furthermore,it sums up the advantages,disadvantages and stability factors in the supply of urban tourism from a micro perspective.①About the core tourism supply,the tourists have higher evaluation on the urban attractions,tourism shopping and tourism and entertainment,in contrast,the city tourism traffic,tourism,catering and accommodation evaluation are lower than others.About the auxiliary tourism supply,the tourists are more recognized on the city’s cultural environment,in contrast,the city’s natural environment,tourism information evaluation is low.②In the aspect of the supply of the core tourism,the community residents have higher evaluation of urban tourism scenic spot,tourism shopping,tourism catering and tourism and entertainment,in contrast,the evaluation of urban tourism traffic and accommodation is low.In the auxiliary tourism supply,the community residents are more recognized of the city’s cultural environment,and the evaluation about city tourism marketing,security is relatively stable.③In the aspect of supply of core tourism,the tourism workers have higher evaluation on the urban tourism scenic spot,tourism shopping,tourist accommodation and tourism and entertainment,in contrast,the evaluation of tourism traffic is low.In the auxiliary tourism supply,practitioners are more agreeable to the human environment of the city,and practitioners’ evaluation is relatively stable about the city tourism marketing,security.The evaluations of the supply of destination by the tourism workers and the community residents are better than that of the inbound tourists.The innovations of this research as follows:(1)This research deepening the evaluation index system of the coupling between tourism flow and destination system.According to the system,hierarchy and openness Characteristics of the system theory,the new evaluation index system of the coupling between inbound tourism flow and destination system is constructed.The inbound tourism flow system contains two major subsystems,including eleven indicators and four factors.The destination system contains six subsystems,including sixty-one indicators of twenty-one elements.This index system is more hierarchical and systematic than the previous research system.(2)It is found that the diachronic evolution curve of the coupling between tourism flow and destination system shows the development law of " rise-fall wave type ".The coupling growth curve model of tourism flow and destination system was proposed,followed by the fluctuation order law and the law of structural function of the system theory,the evolution process of coupling growth curve of the six cities’ inbound tourism flow and destination system was analyzed.The "rise-fall growth" rule was found in the coupled growth curves of inbound tourism flow and destination system in six cities.The conclusion can further deepen the scientific understanding of the coupling growth process and characteristics of the two systems about the destination.(3)The main influence factors of the different coupling growth stages of the two systems were identified,and the succession development law of the dominant factors of the coupling growth between the inbound tourism flow and the destination of the six cities was discovered.In different stages of the system development,the main factors that influence the coupling growth of inbound tourism flow and destination are the external demand-oriented and the internal supply-oriented succession.The research results deepen the systematic understanding of the coupling growth law of inbound tourism flow and destination system.(4)The driving mechanism of the coupling growth of tourism flow and destination is concluded.According to the law of system theory,this paper makes a systematic explanation on the evolution path,factors and subsystem transformation of the coupling growth of inbound tourism flow and destination system,and from the internal and external factors such as internal driving force and external driving force,as well as the growth angle of the development driving force and the original driving force,the driving mechanism of the coupling growth of the two systems is proposed.The research results deepen the research content of the coupling drive mechanism of tourism supply and demand,and provide scientific reference for the systematic understanding of the coupling of tourism supply and demand.