Research On The Development Of Marx's Theory Of Economic Crisis In Capital

This paper mainly studies the development of Marx's economic crisis theory in Volume I,II and III of Capital,aiming at demonstrating the development process of Marx's economic crisis theory from abstract to concrete,demonstrating the basic contradiction of capitalism is the root cause of economic crisis..Marx's economic crisis theory is a very important part of Marxist political economy.This theory is based on Marx's critique of classical political economy and scientific and profound analysis of various economic phenomena in capitalist society.Marx's theory of economic crisis is a leap from classical political economy.This is because most classical political economists fundamentally deny the existence of the capitalist economic crisis.Even in the classical political economists who acknowledged the existence of the capitalist economic crisis,such as Sismondi,they only realized that the capitalist economic crisis was related to the capitalist system,but could not understand how the economic crisis was under the capitalist private property produced.Therefore,for the resolution of the economic crisis,Sismondi proposed the wrong solution.Compared with the classical political economists who acknowledge the existence of the economic crisis,Marx's analysis of the capitalist economic crisis should be more comprehensive and profound.He studies the nature of the economy through economic phenomena and then returns to economic phenomena.Marx profoundly examined the essence and roots of the capitalist economic crisis.The essence of the economic crisis is the relative surplus of production,and the root cause of the economic crisis is the basic contradiction of capitalism,that is,the contradiction between the socialization of production and the means of production capitalist private property.At this point,Marx surpassed the classical political economist before him.It is because of his scientific analysis of capitalist production relations and productivity that Marx saw the basic contradiction of capitalism that classical political economists did not see,and found the root of the capitalist economic crisis,namely the capitalist system itself,pointing out the demise of the capitalist system is the same as the emergence of the capitalist system,and it is the inevitable law of human economic and social development.The first chapter of this paper is the introduction.Firstly,this chapter introduces the research background of this paper and expounds the significance and value of studying Marx's economic crisis theory.Secondly,through combing the research status at home and abroad,we can understand the research status of Marx's economic crisis theory by domestic and foreign scholars,and expound the different viewpoints of scholars at home and abroad on Marx's economic crisis theory.Thirdly,the research methods and research ideas of this paper are clarified.Finally,the article's innovations and shortcomings are stated.The second chapter of this paper systematically combs the Marx's economic crisis theory before Capital.After a detailed study of Marx's The Critique of Political Economy Manuscripts and previous works,the author believes that Marx's research on the capitalist economic crisis is not only in Capital.In fact,his research on the economic crisis is accompanied by his entire history of political economics research.When Marx began to study political economy in the 1840 s,he began to contact the problem of overproduction.Judging from the literature mastered by the author,The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 may be the earliest work on Marx's research on economic crisis.Marx has repeatedly discussed economic crisis issues in his The Critique of Political Economy(Manuscripts of 1857-1858)and The Critique of Political Economy(Manuscripts of 1861-1863).In the previous manuscript,the prototype of the economic crisis theory has been formed.In the latter manuscript,he used a lot of space to analyze the economic crisis in detail based on the criticism of classical political economics and form a systematic economic crisis theory.From The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to The Critique of Political Economy(Manuscripts of 1861-1863)is the formation process of Marx's economic crisis theory.The third chapter of this paper mainly studies the development of Marx's theory of economic crisis in the capital production process in the first volume of Capital.The author through the study of the first volume of Capital found that,unlike the manuscript,Marx conducted a very detailed examination of the historical process of the formation of capitalist productivity and production relations in the I volume.In the process of studying the relative surplus-value,he examined the development of capitalist productivity.In the process of studying the primitive accumulation of capital,he also examined the formation of capitalist production relations.The author studies Marx's theory of surplus-value and the theory of capital accumulation,analyzes the productivity and production relations that lead to the economic crisis,and clarify how the contradiction between productivity and production relations leads to the outbreak of the economic crisis.The fourth chapter of this paper mainly studies the development of Marx's theory of economic crisis in the process of circulation of capital in the second volume of Capital.The author studies Marx's analysis of the process of circuit of capital and the process of turnover of capital,and separately expounds the possibility of the economic crisis occurring during the process of circuit of capital and the process of turnover of capital.It is conditional to carry out the process of circuit of capital smoothly.If one stage cannot be completed,it cannot enter the next stage.In the process of circuit of capital,once a value revolution occurs,it will inevitably affect the value of commodities and some means of production,and thus affect capitalist production.Marx further developed the theory of economic crisis in studying the process of circulation of capital.He stressed that although the overproduction of goods is manifested in the circulation field,the cause is in the field of production.In analyzing the process of turnover of capital,he proposed the idea that fixed capital renewal is the material basis of the periodic economic crisis.The author also studied Marx's theory of social capital reproduction,expounded the possibility of economic crisis under simple reproduction and expansion of reproduction conditions,and believed that under the means of production capitalist private property,the proportional imbalance of production of the two major departments will inevitably lead to economic crisis.The fifth chapter of this paper mainly studies the development of Marx's theory of economic crisis in the third volume of Capital,that is,in the movement of aggregate society capital.By studying Marx's investigation of different forms of capital,the author expounds the impact of commercial capital and interest-bearing capital movement on the economic crisis.Both commercial capital and interest-bearing capital are separated from industrial capital.Although they do not produce surplus-value,they must share the surplus-value with industrial capital.The existence and movement of commercial capital and interest-bearing capital have an important impact on capitalist production,both of which are conducive to the expansion of capitalist production,thereby exacerbating production over demand.In addition,the author also expounded the relationship between the law of average rate of profit and the economic crisis,and the average rate of profit to fall has intensified various contradictions in capitalist production.The sixth chapter of this paper expounds the contemporary value of Marx's economic crisis theory.First of all,guided by Marx's economic crisis theory,it explains the scientific nature and necessity of adhering to the economic system with ownership in common of the means of production as the main body and the distribution system based on labor distribution.Secondly,based on Marx's economic crisis theory,it clarifies how to play the role of the market and the government in resource allocation to improve the socialist market economic system.Finally,based on Marx's economic crisis theory,it expounds the essence,causes and solutions of the main contradictions of economic development in the new era.The seventh chapter of this paper is the conclusion.The author believes that Marx has formed a systematic economic crisis theory before Capital.He analyzed the possibility and reality of the economic crisis,explained the essence and roots of the economic crisis,and pointed out the material basis of the periodic economic crisis.In Capital,Marx's economic crisis theory is further developed and improved.Unlike The Critique of Political Economy Manuscripts and previous works,Marx is not an abstract theoretical analysis of the economic crisis in Capital,but a concrete practice.Compared with bourgeois political economists,Marx's analysis of the economic crisis is revolutionary.The paper concludes that in the process of China's economic development,to guard against the economic crisis,we must unswervingly adhere to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.