| Peter Drucker,master of management,has stated in his book Post-Capitalist Society that knowledge is a factor of production and the most important key resource in the global economic environment.Evidence from all aspects shows that knowledge has gradually replaced other factors of production in enterprises and social organizations,and become an organization.The main key factor of growing up.However,knowledge can not be infinite for the competition of any enterprise organization.At best,it can only be used to achieve certain specific objectives at different stages.How can an organization continuously innovate knowledge? In addition to the willingness of all members to accumulate and share personal wisdom and experience,there must also be an introduction war that can guide the senior management members of an enterprise to integrate effectively and make good use of modern information technology.Sketch and Application System(Sorenson,2013).These herald the arrival of the era of knowledge economy.Innovative challenges of knowledge are inevitable.The so-called era of knowledge economy refers to the late stage of industrialization,in which knowledge becomes the most important productive resource and forms an innovation-oriented entrepreneurial economic system.The characteristic of the entrepreneurial economy system is that it can innovate the application of knowledge.This "knowledge" covers much more than the so-called high-tech.The development and effective application of knowledge are the main driving forces for the sustainable development of the society in developed countries today(Goerzen and Beamish 2005).Labor,land,capital,entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship are the main factors driving the growth of enterprises.Labor,land and capital are the traditional factors of production.The main function of entrepreneurs is to promote enterprise innovation,and innovation and entrepreneurship are the driving force for the formation of entrepreneurial economic system.In this process,the complex structure of knowledge network and knowledge innovation play an important role in the construction of enterprise innovation system and the development of the whole social and economic system(Shaner and Maznevski,2011;Sampson,2017).In the process of new enterprise creation and development,in order to play the role of knowledge innovation,entrepreneurs will integrate human capital vigorously and constantly improve their knowledge conversion ability,in order to strengthen the performance of knowledge innovation in the organization.Based on this,this study will analyze the relationship between knowledge network structure and knowledge innovation in entrepreneurial enterprises from the perspective of knowledge,and explore the contingency effect of multiple human capital and knowledge transformation ability within enterprises on the above relationship.This paper mainly studies the relationship between knowledge network structure and knowledge innovation,and deeply analyses the contingency factors that influence the relationship between them.These are the core issues in the field of knowledge management,social network and entrepreneurship.Based on this,this paper mainly studies the following contents:Firstly,the relationship between knowledge network structure holes and knowledge innovation is analyzed.Knowledge network structure hole is the core research content of structure hole theory.How to use structure hole to generate new knowledge to drive knowledge innovation not only affects the performance of the organization,but also affects the growth of the entrepreneurial organization.The special relationship between the two will have special significance for the entrepreneurial enterprise.Secondly,the relationship between knowledge network density and knowledge innovation is deeply analyzed.Through empirical research,this paper explores the relationship between knowledge network density and knowledge innovation in venture enterprises,which can provide some reference for the construction of network relationship and what kind of relationship.Thirdly,the relationship between knowledge network concentration and knowledge innovation is deeply analyzed.The degree of network concentration determines the trajectory and path of network participants and the means of dealing with network relations(Schneider et al.,2002).This paper makes an empirical study on this relationship,and deeply analyses the impact of network concentration on knowledge innovation,which can provide valuable reference for how to identify networks and participate in the depth of networks for start-ups.This relationship is also the difficulty of this study.Fourthly,the boundary effect of human capital heterogeneity.As mentioned above,human capital is the key factor and strategic resource for successful entrepreneurship in the knowledge-based economy environment.It can widen the competition distance with competitors and quickly adapt to environmental changes(Aaker.1989: Barney.1991)so that enterprises gradually build lasting competitive advantages.The characteristics of human capital play an important role in the flow of knowledge,the transformation of knowledge and the creation of knowledge in the knowledge network.This study will analyze the moderating effect of human capital heterogeneity on the above three relationships.Fifthly,knowledge conversion capability is also an important part of knowledge management.Its boundary effect determines the benefit of knowledge network structure,especially the influence of knowledge conversion capability on the above three relationships will deepen the recognition and choice of network relationship of start-ups.From the above,based on the background of China's transitional economy,this paper explores the mechanism of the influence of knowledge network structure on knowledge innovation.The dimensions of knowledge network structure,namely knowledge network structure hole,knowledge network density and knowledge network concentration,are taken as antecedent variables to analyze their influence on knowledge innovation,and to explore the relationship between the heterogeneity of human capital and knowledge transformation ability.The main contributions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,discussing knowledge management and innovation performance issues with social network theory can further enrich the relationship between network structure and knowledge innovation and deepen knowledge innovation theory.Network structure is a map of information and knowledge transmission and innovation in organizations.Burt(2017)have pointed out that even though some organizations have technologically advanced platforms and knowledge systems and experiences to acquire,identify and store knowledge,people still tend to seek knowledge and answer questions through informal interpersonal networks.However,in recent years,most researchers have focused on the relationship between knowledge and innovation issues within the framework of knowledge creation theory proposed by Nonaka,especially on the construction of knowledge transfer capability.However,there is a lack of research on the relationship between informal interaction among organizations and the structure of network location.Based on the social network theory and from the perspective of enterprise interaction,this study explores the issues related to knowledge management and innovation performance of start-up enterprises through empirical analysis.This not only enriches the entrepreneurship theory,but also further improves the social network theory,and further deepens our understanding of the knowledge network structure.Secondly,it is helpful to further deepen the social network analysis method and explore the role of special network structure by analyzing the organizational behavior of start-up enterprises with social network.Krackhardt(1993)is the pioneer of applying network analysis to the study of organizational behavior.Tichy(2011)strongly recommends that the study of organizational behavior should adopt the viewpoint of network analysis and use network analysis method to explore the network structure of individual attributes and relationships among organizational members.Balkundi et al.(2007)also believes that the importance of network can be understood by studying classical organizational behavior.Importance,such as network structure hole,network density,the relationship between network concentration and performance,and so on.Burt(1992)attempted to put forward a theoretical analysis model that integrates economics and sociology,and further diagnoses enterprises based on network theory.Because the data surveyed by the social network questionnaire are the relational data of the interaction among the members of the enterprise and are evaluated by the members of the enterprise and registered,it is more difficult to collect data than the traditional anonymous questionnaire.In the past,most of the objects that were tested by the social network theory belong to conceptual or traditional non-relational data of self-evaluation.This study has obtained the assistance and cooperation of entrepreneurs,overcome the most difficult questionnaire data collection in social network analysis.From the perspective of social network analysis,it carries out a complete network analysis for the research object(knowledge network of entrepreneurship enterprises),and understands the situation of knowledge exchange,sharing and creation among organizations,so as to help organizations properly use human resources and manage organizational knowledge.Thirdly,the curve relationship between network structure hole and knowledge innovation is demonstrated with complete samples,which breaks through the limitation of positive correlation between them and further enriches the related research of network structure hole.At present,the research results of structural holes in social network theory show that scholars hold different views on the relationship between structural holes and performance.They believe that structural holes and innovation performance have a positive relationship,a negative relationship,and even a curve relationship.Based on this,this study uses the network theory framework and the integrity of the sample to discuss this issue.The empirical results show that there is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between knowledge network structure hole and knowledge innovation for entrepreneurs.This conclusion breaks through the limitations of the existing research and draws inconsistent results with the mainstream research conclusions,which further enriches the network structure hole theory.Finally,the boundary function of human capital heterogeneity is further analyzed,and the value of human capital heterogeneity is deepened.Human resource management originated from labor management in Britain.After World War II,various names began to appear,and finally developed to human resource management.From the perspective of human resources development,labor economics theory regards human capital as an individual investment in education and training,and the result is the improvement of personal income and productivity.Human capital is the basis of enterprise growth,innovation and strategic innovation.Any improvement of operation process or suggestion of new ideas comes from the crystallization of human wisdom.Simply put,human capital is the technology,knowledge and ability of managers and employees,and it is the combination of organizational technology accumulation and personal knowledge.Existing studies focus on the direct impact of human capital(on performance and team effectiveness),and seldom analyze the role of human resource characteristics(such as homogeneity and heterogeneity)in organizational knowledge innovation.However,there are few studies on the key impact of human capital on knowledge network structure and knowledge innovation.This study breaks through this limitation and explores the boundary role of human capital characteristics,which further enriches the relevant research of human resources,and also provides some reference for the construction of human capital foundation and the allocation of human capital for start-up enterprises. |
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