Research On The Efficiency Of China's Technology Transfer

In the era of new economy with innovation as the first driving factor,accelerated application of science and technology has become a lever to spur economic and social development and the source of fostering the country's new competitive advantage.However,the supporting role of technological innovation has not been fully realized in China's economic development.The technology transfer inefficiency has existed for a long time,of which the root cause lies in the fact that the theoretical research on the mechanism for improving the efficiency of technology transfer lags behind the development practice.Therefore,"how to improve the efficiency of technology transfer"has become an important theoretical and practical issue to be solved urgently.Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted detailed empirical studies on the efficiency of technology transfer,but the efficiency measurement is out of line with practical application and the analysis and explanation of the efficiency is insufficient.In addition,the existing theoretical research on technology transfer efficiency improvement mechanism is very weak.In order to solve the problem of low technology transfer efficiency,the research on the factors affecting the transfer of technology has been rich,but there are still some short parts such as the research perspective being limited to the technology transfer itself,lack of theoretical basis for the selection of influencing factors,and system analysis lacking important factors.Therefore,this paper starts with the logic of"discovery problem,theory preparation,analysis problem,solve problem"and analyze two specific issues of "how is China's technology transfer efficiency level"and"what is the mechanism for improving the efficiency of technology transfer".The following major research conclusions have been formed.(1)The current practice of China's technology transfer is at the stage of technology transfer ecological construction and the systemic technology transfer operation mechanism and technology transfer system have been preliminarily established.There are some problems in China's technology transfer,such as the disconnection of R&D and innovation activities from the practical demand,the lack of market-oriented technology transfer agencies,the shortage of specialized technology transfer talents,and the limited role of traditional financial support.Then this paper combines the Malmquist index and the Bootstrap-DEA method to comprehensive evaluate and analyze China's technology transfer efficiency and decomposition efficiency in 2008,2010,2014 and 2016.The study finds that the overall level of efficiency of China's technology transfer is low,most provinces and regions present the "double-low"characteristics of low pure technical efficiency and low scale efficiency,pure technical efficiency is lower than scale efficiency,and low pure technical efficiency leads to low technology transfer efficiency.Taking the national technology transfer clusters and regional technology transfer core areas as the research objects,the results of further longitudinal analysis indicate that,there is a large change in the ranking of technology transfer e'fficiency in provinces,and the rankings of provinces focusing on institutional innovation and policy incentives have been on the rise.(2)Technology transfer system is composed of the supply and demand analysis of the object,the interaction of the main entities,integrated configuration of innovative elements,and the auxiliary support of the external environment.Technical forms,risk-returns,financing needs,and market roles present different characteristics at different stages of technology transfer.In the context of promoting the deep integration of technology and economy,this study found that demand is the starting point and destination of technology transfer.Technology transfer promotes the growth of new industries and the upgrading of traditional industries through the two paths of innovation industrialization and industrial innovation.The demand for technology transfer is a cognitive process,which aims to achieve the demand for certain functional goals through the transfer of technology.Uncertainty and potential are the features of the demand for technology transfer.The extension of effective demand for technology transfer consists of the final market demand,the intermediate technological demand,and indirect financial demands,and technical demand is at the core.The study analyzes the demand-oriented mechanism of technology transfer by "reverse promotion" of the technology transfer process,which is an industrialization-commercialization-productization-laboratory process.The role of market demand,which can reduce uncertainties,increase expected profits,and induce new technology applications,is gradually weakening.The role of technical demand,which can improve the quality of technological sources and optimize the basic environment,is weakened with the weakening of the market demand,but more important.The role of financial demand,which can quantify the value of technology and guide the flow of innovative resources,is an inverted "U"shape,and it reaches a peak in the stages of commercialization and productization.This paper draws on the operating process of a rotary engine and proposes the AIF model of the single stage of technology transfer.The demand drives the rotation of the rotor by inducing the profit of the relevant entities.The rotor attracts and integrates the technology-focused innovation elements,to promote the upgrading of the technical form.The next stage of rotor operation and new demand information are fed back to the previous stage.In addition,the faster the "rotation"of each stage,the more effective the convergences at different stages,the more efficient of the whole process of technology transfer.(3)This paper uses the system GMM and FGLS methods to empirically test the impact of market demand,technical demand,and financial demand on China's technology transfer efficiency at the provincial level from 2008 to 2016.The empirical results show that the efficiency of technology transfer is continuous,the final market demand is an important driver of technology transfer efficiency and the expansion of financial demand scale helps improve the efficiency,however,the larger scale of technical demand hindered the improvement of the efficiency,of which the reason may be that existing technology transfer policies are difficult turning invisible technical demand into effective guide.Only the interaction between technical demand and market demand,and the interaction between financial demand and market demand are significant,which indicates that effective demand for technology transfer has not yet formed.In addition.,the effect of market demand on the efficiency is an inverted"U"shape,which illustrated from the side that the role of market demand decreases and the role of technical demand and financial demand become more prominent with the improvement of the efficiency.Overall,the empirical research results support the theoretical research viewpoint that effective demand orientation is an important mechanism for improving the efficiency of technology transfer.The innovations of this paper mainly include:Firstly,reveal the inefficiency of China's technology transfer based on practice.The overall efficiency is low,the characteristics of "double low"are prominent,and the low efficiency of pure technology leads to lower overall efficiency.Secondly,it is clearly defined the effective demand for technology transfer consists of market demand,technology demand,and financial demand for the first time.Then this paper explains the demand-oriented mechanism for the whole process of technology transfer by using?"reverse promotion"thinking,and proposes the AIF model of the single stage of technology transfer by drawing on the operation of the rotor engine.It has found that the effective demand-oriented mechanism helps improve the efficiency of technology transfer.The research have not only expanded the technology transfer mechanism theory focusing on the mechanism analysis of transnational technology transfer and the technological innovation motivation theory focusing on results rather than processes,effectively compensates for the lack of theoretical research on the mechanism for improving the efficiency of technology transfer,and also provided new ideas for solving the problem of low of technology transfer efficiency.