| In the past four decades of reform and opening up,China's grain production has achieved great achievements that attract worldwide attention.The grain output has remained above 1.2 trillion catties for five consecutive years,and production capacity has steadily climbed to a new level.At the same time,however,China's grain imports are also rising.The direct cause of the surge in food import stimuli is the serious inversion of domestic food prices and grain prices in the international market.The main reason for this upside down is due to the relatively low level of scale of grain production in China.Therefore,at this stage,we must actively and orderly develop moderately scaled operations,improve the international competitiveness of grain,and ensure that the country's food security is moderately scaled to become the basic policy choice for China's modern agricultural development.Practice shows that the government's policy support is an important way to achieve a moderate scale of agricultural operations.In order to promote the moderate scale operation of local agriculture,governments at all levels have also introduced a series of support policies for funds,projects,etc.The original intention is to guide the main development of scale operations through policy support.However,the differences in land endowments were neglected when formulating support policies.So,does different land endowment really bring about the difference in the choice of scale management path?Does the current various types of support policies really affect the choice of the scale of business management?The answer to this series of questions requires systematic analysis and scientific and normative argumentation.First of all,based on the perspective of land endowments and policy support,this paper conducts a study on the selection of moderately scaled management paths for grain in China.In-depth analysis of current China's arable land circulation and the overall characteristics of agricultural operations and changes in the trend,systematically sort out the evolution of China's agricultural business policy of appropriate scale.Secondly,by using 1040 grain growers and 128 village-level survey data from four provinces of Heilongjiang,Henan,Sichuan,and Zhejiang,this paper systematically examines the relationship between land endowments,policy support,and the scale of business operations at the two levels of farmer households and villages,and There are three types of supporting policies:land-based direct capital subsidies,land-scale business project subsidies,and land transfer subsidies.In the end,the typical village of Y village in northern Anhui was taken as a typical case to study the dilemma of Y village in the process of developing moderately-scale agricultural management,so as to reveal the key,difficult and difficult conditions for the current moderate scale operation of grain in China.We will provide scientific decision-making basis by studying the related policies that will be used to formulate and optimize the modest business path for food in China in the future.The main research conclusions of this article include:1.At present,the rural land contractual relationship in China is generally stable,the area of arable land is continuously expanding,and the arable land circulation rate is continuously increasing,but the growth rate is gradually slowing down.Subcontracting and leasing are still the main forms of circulation,which are mainly transferred to farmers and cooperatives,and the standardization of-circulation is further improved.From a long-term perspective,the proportion of arable land that has been transferred in the form of subcontracting and transfer has been continuously declining,while the proportion of exchanges,leases,and share cooperation has continuously increased.The proportion of households transferred to rural households has continued to decline,and the proportion of professionals transferred to professional cooperatives and enterprises has continued to increase.The phenomenon of "non-grainification " of arable land circulation is serious and there is a growing trend.The overall level of agricultural business development continues to increase,but small-scale fanners continue to be the fundamentals of agricultural production for a long period of time.It also shows that the number and proportion of medium-sized farm households have decreased,and the number and proportion of large-scale farmer households and small-scale farm households have increased at the same time.2.Based on the Central Document No.1 and other relevant documents and data,the paper analyzes the evolution path of China's agricultural policy of moderate scale operation,and finds that the connotation of China's moderate scale operation has changed from ambiguity to unification to the " modest scale operation in various forms ".The scale of business development has generally gone through an embryonic stage,a gradual exploration stage,and a gradual maturity stage.Judging from the evolution of supportive priorities for moderately scaled business operations,land transfer has always been the focus of moderately scaled operating policies.The focus has also shifted from the establishment of circulation markets to the supervision and risk prevention of circulation markets.The subject selection policy of moderately scaled operation has evolved from encouraging a single entity to a diversified entity.Since 2014,it has gradually begun to provide systematic and substantive policy support for moderate-scale operations,and has clearly defined the specific connotations of "multiple forms".3.Through empirical research on the relationship between farmer-level land endowments,policy support,and choice of scale management paths,it is found that farmer household endowments do not affect farmer households' scale of expansion.Different types of support policies have different impacts on farmer households in expanding their scale of operations.Subsidies for capital subsidies and subsidies for large-scale operation projects do not affect the expansion of farmers' operating scale,and land transfer subsidies have prevented farmers from expanding their business scale.The standard deviation and average growth rate of farmer households' land endowments and business scales show a stable positive U-shaped relationship.That is,with the increase of land endowment,the farmer's operating scale will increase at first and then decrease,but the various subsidy support policies will not affect the farmer households.The scale of business expansion.In addition,the proportion of age and non-agricultural income has a negative impact on the expansion of farmer households' scale of operation.Whether or not the county has played overwork,income,and whether it is a village name has a positive effect on the expansion of farmer households.The level of education,income,and machinery investment have positive effects on the standard deviation of the business scale and the average growth rate.The proportion of non-agricultural income has a negative impact on the standard deviation of the business scale and the average growth rate.4.Through empirical research on the relationship between village-level land endowments,policy support,and village-level management path selection,it is found that village land endowments do not affect the rate of increase in village-level arable land transfer rates,and different types of support policies increase the rate of increase in arable land arranging rates at village level.The impacts are different.Among them,the direct capital subsidy for scale operation and the subsidy for large-scale operation projects do not affect the rate of increase in the village-level arable land transfer rate,and the land subsidy has a negative impact on the rate of increase in the arable land transfer rate at the village level.In addition,the higher the initial rate of village-level transfer,the slower the rate of increase in arable land turnover may be.If the village's land circulation must be coordinated by the village's collective economic organization,the rate of increase in arable land turnover may be slower.The faster you can improve it.5.Taking the typical village of Y village in northern Fujian as a typical case,the analysis finds that the village has fallen into a dilemma in the process of developing an appropriate agricultural scale,that is,the basis for the development of a modest scale of grain operations is good,and the level of farmland circulation has been relatively stable compared to the modest scale of grain operation.Low dilemma.Among them,the overall scale of operation of typical new-type agricultural management entities tends to be reduced.The trend of homogenization and non-grainization of the developed industries is obvious.In land transfer,there are two important dilemmas,namely the limited contiguous farmland and the difficulty in coordinating many farmers.The main reasons for the dilemma of the village are:The important policy needs of the business entities are short-term financial loans,infrastructure construction,and grassroots agricultural technology services,while the support for the moderate scale operation policies and the main demand are seriously misplaced,and the village officials are conservative in their concepts and fears.Traditional concepts such as land attachment and worries of farmers hinder the development of moderate-scale operations.Based on the above findings,this paper proposes to strengthen the primacy of food security in the moderately scaled business goals,establish a "non-grain-based" risk prevention and control system,and adjust and improve the modest scale operation policy support methods to establish a multi-level,three-dimensional model.The policy support system respects the differentiation of the regional and operating entity endowment conditions,promotes moderately scaled agricultural scale operation at different levels,speeds up the establishment of moderately scale management entity information management system for agriculture,and achieves information resource co-construction,sharing,interconnection,and collaboration. |
PDF Full Text Request