Research On The Mechanism Of Targeted Poverty Identification And Poverty Reduction Strategies Of Immigrants In The Three Gorges Reservoir Region

With the rapid development of China's economic and poverty alleviation,the special poverty-stricken areas such as the old districts,mountainous areas,ethnic areas and immigrant areas have become the main battlefields for the country's poverty alleviation drive.The inundation area of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR)spans two poverty-stricken areas,i.e.,Qinba Mountains Area and Wuling Mountains Area.Frequently geological disasters and increasingly fragile ecological environments have made these areas to be a great difficulty of poverty alleviation and development.With disadvantaged external environment such as lack of production materials,deterioration of ecological environment and frequent occurrence of geological disasters,immigrant poverty of the TGRR has become prominent and the most difficult "hard bone" for China's poverty alleviation and development in the new era.In the context of precision poverty alleviation,it is imperative to solve the poverty problem of immigrants in the TGRR in rural China.Under such circumstances,this study aims to solve the following key issues:(1)How to identify the poor immigrants in the TGRR?(2)What are the main poverty-inducing factors for poor immigrants in the TGRR?(3)What are the main characteristics of immigration poverty in the TGRR?(4)How to rationally explore the path of poverty reduction for immigrants in the TGRR? and(5)What are the poverty alleviation strategies in the TGRR?In order to address these questions mentioned above,this study combines qualitative research and quantitative research to verify the main governance in terms of theoretical exploration and empirical testing,to answer the questions of "support whom" and "how to support".Based on a comprehensive requirement of qualitative and quantitative design,this study collected data through in-depth interview and survey with immigrant in the TGRR.80 in-depth interviews and 796 surveys were collected in 4 counties(districts).Grounded theory analysis,multiple correspondence analysis,multi-dimensional poverty index measurement and decomposition,China's poverty scorecard index,grey correlation analysis,OLS regression,structural equation modelling and case study were adopted to explore the poverty reduction mechanism in terms of poverty identification and poverty alleviation.This study finalises by providing a theoretical framework to figure out the management strategies for poverty alleviation.Specifically,this paper will focus on the following four aspects.First,this study explores the poverty identification model of immigrants living under the poverty line in the TGRR through theoretical and empirical analyses.Sampling survey data were used to identify the poor population and the general characteristics,poverty inducing characteristics and the impacts of demographical factors on poverty.Precise poverty alleviation strategy of immigrants in the reservoir region was summarised based on the analysis conducted above.Second,this paper uses literature analysis and grounded theory analysis to explore the theoretical model of immigration poverty reduction in the TGRR with data retrieved from in-depth interviews and questionnaires.Structural equation modelling was adopted to explore the mechanism of poverty alleviation.Third,by adopting the coupling coordination degree analysis and the entropy weight method,this paper explores the assessment framework for the sustainable development of nonpoor immigration in the TGRR.Finally,this paper summarizes the existing poverty alleviation model in China.Based on the previous findings in this study,new poverty reduction models were put forward to realize poverty alleviation and sustainable development in this region.Through the theoretical exploration and empirical analysis mentioned above,this study finds that:(1)the multi-dimensional poverty status of immigrants in the TGRR is not optimistic,mainly manifested in asset poverty and rights poverty,and the problem of drinking water safety and clean energy poverty is prominent;(2)the causes of immigration poverty diversified characteristics,poverty due to illness,poverty due to disasters,poverty caused by labour shortage and poverty caused by land loss are the main causes of poverty,among which,poverty caused by disease is the main povertystricken factor of immigration poverty in the TGRR;(3)substance resource endowment and human resource endowment have the greatest poverty alleviation effect,especially in improving the stock of productive assets and raising the level of labour capital;(4)the stability of the livelihood of non-poor immigrants in the TGRR needs to be strengthened,engaged in agricultural production activities and production methods need to be readjusted and(5)the formulation of resettlement poverty reduction strategies in the TGRR should be based on the livelihood reconstruction and vulnerability reduction of the poor.The main contributions of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)This study puts forward a poverty identification model that overcomes the bias caused by the single dimension identification,and identifies the characteristics of immigrant poverty in the TGRR based on the adapted multidimensional poverty index and the immigrant household poverty index.House asset index and the durable asset index were constructed,which enriched the theory and method of identifying the identification of asset poverty and made the multi-dimensional poverty identification more stable.This study compares the identification result of multi-dimensional poverty index and the immigrant household poverty index and gives implications on poverty identification by using household poverty index as an effective way in the context of precise poverty reduction.(2)This study puts forward a theoretical model poverty reduction for immigrant to explore the poverty reduction mechanism in the TGRR,through an innovation combination of grounded theory analysis and structural equation modelling.By doing so,this study fills the gap that lies in the previous research using macro data and micro questionnaires.Participatory analysis with the immigrant was used to form the theoretical mechanism of poverty reduction in the TGRR and SEM was used to test the theoretical model by using survey data to verify the findings in this study to be more reasonable and robust.(3)A sustainable development assessment model was constructed and poverty reduction strategies of the TGRR were explored from the perspective of poverty alleviation and sustainable development of the immegrants.This study comprehensively applies the index construction method and the coupling coordination degree analysis method to systematically evaluate the "poverty identification-poverty reduction path-sustainable development" in the TGRR.From the perspective of poverty alleviation and sustainable development,this study combines existing poverty alleviation models to explore the poverty alleviation strategies in the TGRR in rural China.