Research On Supply-side Structural Reform And Optimization Of Planting Industry In Jilin Province

Since 2004,there has been an unprecedented increase in our grain production.At the same time,there are also some problems,such as the increase of three quantities,the agricultural products structure imbalance,the deterioration of ecological environment,the weakness of increasing farmer income and so on.In order to solve the problems in grain production,the document No.1 of 2016 had put forward "structural reform on the supply side of agriculture",there is an urgent need to adjust agricultural structure.As a major grain province in China,Jilin Province is the important growing district of corn.It has always been the core base for ensuring national food security.However,with the implementation of the corn temporary collection and storage policy,the price of corn had been increased,the corn sowing area increasing,and other crops such as soybeans and some other grains are increasingly reduced,a single planting structure with corn as the main body was formed.On the one hand,the effect of this structure is the high inventory of corn,the rising production cost of downstream processing enterprises,and the damage of interests;On the other hand,a large number of agricultural products,such as soybean,rice,corn and so on,have been imported in large quantities,which has formed the reverse market dilemma of the coexistence of domestic inventory and foreign imports.The root cause of this structural dilemma is that we ignore the market economic laws and follow the planned economy mode to adjust agricultural production.Therefore,only by using the reform thoughts and market economy to reform the system,so that we can optimize the supply structure of planting industry.This paper analyzes the characteristics of the development stage of agricultural development,the present situation and problems of the supply-side structure.It is concluded that the key to the supply-side structural reform lies in the supply-side structural reform of planting industry.And then the connotation and basic content of supply-side structural reform of planting industry in China are clarified.It is concluded that the supply-side structural reform of planting industry is quite different from the adjustment of planting structure in the past.Supply-side structural reform of planting Industry is a structural change.It is necessary to reform the unreasonable agricultural management system.In this process,reform is a means and structural optimization is the goal.The supply-side structural reform of planting industry is put forward to promote and optimize planting structure with the idea of reform.Jilin Province as the core production area of grain production in China,the contradiction of supply-side structure of planting industry is more prominent and more acute.Combing the evolution of planting structure in Jilin Province since the reform and opening up in 1978,it is found that 40 years has passed,the internal structure of grain crops in Jilin Province is dominated by the internal structure of grain crops,and gradually from the 1980 s corn.The pluralistic crop structure of soybean,rice and sorghum finally formed the pattern of "one grain dominance" with corn as the main body.However,is this structure reasonable? This paper makes a comprehensive evaluation from three aspects: economic benefit,social benefit and ecological benefit.The results show: although this structure has certain advantages in the input and output of planting industry in macroscopic and farmers income in microcosmic,it increases the comparative income among crops and bad for diversified development of the structure.Although Jilin province has made great contribution to national food security and social stability in terms of grain commodity ratio,but the high grain import dependence indicates that the current structure cannot meet the needs of consumption upgrading,and it is worryingly the ecological negative effect released by this structure.Therefore,the adjustment of planting structure in Jilin Province is imperative.However,the structural adjustment is faced with the complex market dilemma,the rising cost of agricultural products,the shortage of agricultural water resources,the ecological dilemma of the decline in quality,the quantity of cultivated land,and the slow development of agricultural breeding technology.The technical dilemma of the mismatch between supply and demand in agricultural technology extension restricts the optimization of the structure from different dimensions and different levels.The previous adjustment ideas cannot be solved,and only by means of reform.Since 2004,the national government has introduced a series of policies to benefit farmers,which has brought agricultural development into a new period.However,in the way of implementation,the government interferes with the market,which leads to the market failure and distort the allocation of agricultural resources.The reason why the supply-side structure of planting industry should be optimized by means of reform is that the unreasonable agricultural management system.Based on this,the basic framework of supply-side structural reform of planting industry in Jilin Province is constructed from four dimensions: resource allocation mode,price formation mechanism,grain market structure and rural organization system.Transforming the planned economy mode and making market economy law effective in resource allocation.Establish a market price mechanism so that grain prices are determined by the market.The information of food price is transmitted through the circulation market in the chain of grain production,acquisition,processing,and sales to guide farmers 'planting behavior.However,the current state-owned grain collection and storage enterprises shows "a dominant" situation,distorting the grain collection and storage market.This paper puts forward the reform direction,which gives full play to the policy collection and storage function of state-owned grain collection and storage enterprises,and has an equal management position with other collection and storage subjects in the acquisition market,so as to promote the diversity and socialization of collection and storage subjects.To achieve a smooth grain collection and storage market.The smooth operation of grain collection and storage market needs a sound rural organization system guarantee.At present,the rural organizations in our country are still in a state of slackness,but the efficiency of production and management activities of hundreds of millions of farmers into the market economy in an orderly manner.It has become a weakness in the process of agricultural modernization in our country.Take the integration of the current rural economic organization as the path,realizes the innovation of the rural grass-roots economic organization system.Make the invisible hand of the market direct the tangible hand of the government,and then promote the optimization of planting structure.Based on the institutional reform framework,ensuring food security,reasonable farmers income,industries coordinated development,and ecological sustainability.It has been established as the adjustment of the planting structure in Jilin Province.The reasons for putting forward the value orientation of these four aspects are as follows: First of all,for a long time in the future,the pressure of grain supply in China still exists,the contradiction of tight relationship between man and land still exists,and the production function of the main grain producing areas is declining day by day.Jilin Province as the Core production area of grain production,its structural adjustment must adhere the national food security,Secondly,reasonable grain planting income is the supporting condition to ensure the sustained enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain.The planting structure with corn as the main body in Jilin Province determines that the main direction of reasonable grain planting income is to obtain income around corn planting.The instability of the corn support policy has caused the fluctuation of farmers 'income and the instability of corn cultivation enthusiasm.They want that corn should be brought into the main grain range and having the same status as rice and wheat,so that corn has a profit space for the production of the main grain.Then realize the reasonable income of corn.The income level among the crops should be equal,so as to realize the effect of substitution and promote the optimization of plant structure.Thirdly,as the longest crop in the industrial chain,the feeding and processing uses of corn are closely linked with the downstream processing industry and animal husbandry.Therefore,the attribute of corn ternary crop determines the value orientation of industrial coordinated development in the adjustment of planting structure.Finally,the adjustment of planting structure should respect the natural law and the principle of comparative advantage.Removal of red production capacity,restoration of corn and soybean rotation system,organic combination of land cultivation and cultivation,and scientific application of chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agricultural development.The income level among the crops should be equal,so as to realize the effect of substitution and promote the optimization of plant structure.Thirdly,as the longest crop in the industrial chain,the feeding and processing uses of corn are closely linked with the downstream processing industry and animal husbandry.Therefore,the attribute of corn ternary crop determines the value orientation of industrial coordinated development in the adjustment of planting structure.Finally,the adjustment of planting structure should respect the natural law and the principle of comparative advantage.Removal of red production capacity,restoration of corn and soybean rotation system,organic combination of land cultivation and cultivation,and scientific application of chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agricultural developmentFollow the value orientation of structural adjustment and choose the direction of plant structure adjustment.No matter how to adjust the planting structure of Jilin Province,the structure of grain crops as the main body cannot be changed,and the advantages of corn core producing areas cannot be changed.At present,the high proportion of grain crops is caused by the unreasonable structure of corn in food crops.Therefore,reducing the proportion of grain and corn used in grain crops and increasing the proportion of silage corn in feed crops is the adjustment direction of grain crops,and it also indicates that the emphasis of planting structure adjustment in Jilin Province lies in the adjustment between grain crops and feed crops.Therefore,the establishment of corn ternary crop structure calls on the core producing areas to promote the grain making into forage,taking the household management structure fulcrum,so as to promote the adjustment of grain crops to forage.On the basis of reasonable ranging,soybean established non-transgenic soybean protection zone to protect the purity of traditional soybean from the invasion of transgenic soybean.In order to increase the plant area of soybean,the transgenic soybean should be planted legitimately,and crop rotation with corn.Rice is adjusted to expand the cultivation of high quality rice varieties,and miscellaneous beans should construct the high quality base,and develop intensive processing.The adjustment direction of cash crops is divided into three parts.It is that special products in the east,vegetables in the middle and many kinds of crops in the west.The adjustment of feed crop was to increase silage corn planting in core corn producing areas and sickle bend areas,as well as forage planting in the west of Jilin province.Finally,the planting structure of Jilin Province has been changed from single corn planting to multiple crops,and from emphasis on economic and social benefits to coordinated and unified development of economic,social and ecological benefits.