Research On Evolution Of Spatial Distribution Of Manufacturing Industry In Guangdong Province

The evolution of industry spatial distribution in the region is a dynamic process of the changes in the form of industrial space formed spontaneously with the development of regional economic development.In the horizontal direction,due to the differences in resource endowments,market environment,policy system,historical evolution and other factors in different regions,the movement state and combination form of industries in different regions will be different;in the vertical direction,the influencing factors in the region will change with time.The changes in the industry’s spatial distribution and trajectory will also change.In addition,there are significant differences in the spatial layout of different types of industries.A detailed understanding of the evolution of industrial spatial distribution will help to give full play to the regional comparative advantages,make efficient use of regional resources,coordinate the division of labor and cooperation between industries,thereby promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,and coordinated and orderly coordination of various sectors of the national economy.Stable and healthy development.Since the reform and opening up,the status of manufacturing in the national economy has increased remarkably.The manufacturing industry has also made tremendous contributions to the development of China’s economy.With the tide of economic globalization and international industrial transfer,China’s manufacturing industry has turned to the southeast on a large scale.The gathering of coastal provinces has created a cluster of manufacturing industries with international competitive advantages.The Pearl River Delta region in Guangdong Province has obtained a large amount of overseas investment by virtue of its geographical advantages adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao and the special treatment of national regional policies.It has been embedded in the global value chain through the “three types of processing plus compensation trades” approach,and has undertaken a large number of the transfer of overseas processing and manufacturing enterprises(production departments).The rapid expansion of the manufacturing industry has become the most developed region in the country.At the same time,the economic gap between the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province and the eastern,western and northern regions of Guangdong has gradually widened.Nowadays,the Pearl River Delta region has entered the late stage of industrialization,and the industrial development tends to be more intensive,highend and intelligent.The traditional backward manufacturing capacity is gradually eliminated or transferred.However,the eastern,western and northern regions of Guangdong are still in the middle stage of industrialization due to relatively slow economic development.Manufacturing industry is still dominated by low-end manufacturing industries such as primary product processing,textile,smelting,while the proportion of output value of modern manufacturing industry and high-end service industry is relatively low.The difference of economic development level between regions in Guangdong Province has created the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry with Guangdong characteristics.The Pearl River Delta region,which accounts for 30% of the total land area of the province,has gathered 80% of manufacturing enterprises in the whole province,and the degree of industrial agglomeration is much higher than that in the eastern,western and northern regions of Guangdong Province.Although the high agglomeration of manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta can reduce the transaction cost between enterprises and improve the efficiency of production and operation,with the continuous expansion of enterprise scale and the rapid increase of enterprise number,the environmental carrying capacity of the Pearl River Delta region is deteriorating,the prices of labor,energy and other factors are rising rapidly,and the resources of industrial land are increasing day by day.A series of problems,such as scarcity,traffic congestion,environmental pollution and pressure of industrial upgrading,have emerged one after another,forcing some enterprises or production departments with high demand for labor,land and energy to transfer to areas outside the Pearl River Delta.Although the eastern,western and northern regions of Guangdong have been actively undertaking industrial transfers from the Pearl River Delta and overseas,due to the different influence of industrial base,resource endowment,market environment,policy support and other factors,the agglomeration ability of different types of manufacturing industries in different regions is quite different,thus forming their own characteristics.Evolution of spatial layout of manufacturing industry.This paper takes Guangdong manufacturing industry as the research object,analyzes the development context and characteristics of Guangdong manufacturing industry in the past 40 years of reform and opening up,and uses regional specialization index,regional output value share map,regional manufacturing average concentration rate,spatial dispersion index.The change situation,analyze the evolution of manufacturing distribution in various regions of Guangdong Province,and further empirically analyze the differences in factors affecting the distribution of manufacturing in different regions of Guangdong Province,comparing 2000-2007 and 2008-2017 In a period of time,empirically analyze the influencing factors and the degree of influence of the spatial agglomeration degree of different types of manufacturing industries.Finally,combined with the main conclusions of this paper,the spatial layout suggestions suitable for the future development of Guangdong manufacturing industry are proposed.The main body of this article is divided into six chapters.The brief contents of each chapter are as follows:Chapter 1,introduction.It mainly introduces the research background and significance of this paper,the definition of research objects,the research status at home and abroad,research content,research methods,innovation and deficiencies.Chapter 2,the relevant theoretical basis of industrial layout.This chapter summarizes the theoretical basis of industrial layout,and provides theoretical basis for the study of industrial spatial layout from three aspects: industrial location theory,relevant theory of industrial agglomeration and relevant theory of industrial diffusion.Chapter 3,the development context and characteristics of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province.Firstly,this chapter analyses the general situation of Guangdong’s industrial development,and finds that Guangdong’s industrial growth experienced two peaks in 1990-1995 and 2001-2007.In 2008,the industrial growth rate declined sharply,and after 2010,Guangdong’s industrial growth rate showed a continuous downward trend.Secondly,it studies the system of Guangdong Province.The development process of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province has gone through three stages: primary processing industry(1978-1991),durable consumer goods industry(1992-2000),heavy manufacturing industry(2001-2008),industrial transformation and adjustment(2009-2012),and high-end manufacturing industry.During the five periods(after 2013),the development characteristics and trends of the leading manufacturing industries in Guangdong Province in each period are analyzed in detail.Thirdly,this chapter analyses the changes of the status of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province in the whole country,from the proportion of the output of the main industrial products in the whole country and the proportion of manufacturing industries in the national output value.From the three perspectives of change and the change of comparative advantage industries in Guangdong Province,this paper analyses the change of Guangdong manufacturing industry’s economic status in the whole country and the evolution of comparative advantage industries.Finally,it analyses the main characteristics of Guangdong manufacturing industry development,from the development mode of special towns and the change of internal structure of manufacturing industry.The characteristics,the disparity of regional development in manufacturing industry and the high dependence on foreign trade of manufacturing industry are analyzed.Chapter 4,evolution of spatial distribution of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province.Firstly,this chapter uses the inter-regional specialization index and regional relative specialization index to analyze the changing trend of manufacturing specialization level among the four economic regions and cities in Guangdong Province.There are obvious differences in manufacturing structure among the four economic regions in Guangdong Province,especially in the Pearl River Delta and other non-Pearl River Delta regions.The level of industrialization varies greatly and has a good basis for industrial division.The level of specialization among cities in Guangdong has increased,and a distinctive manufacturing industry cluster has been formed.Secondly,the Pearl River Delta is still the core area of manufacturing agglomeration in Guangdong Province,but the labor-intensive manufacturing industry has shown a trend of spreading outward from the Pearl River Delta region,mainly from the Pearl River Delta region to the eastern part of Guangdong Province;capitalintensive manufacturing industry also has a certain degree of diffusion,reflected in the core cities of the Pearl River Delta(Guangzhou).Compared with labor-intensive manufacturing industry,capital-intensive manufacturing industry is still concentrated in other cities of the Pearl River Delta(Foshan,Dongguan,Huizhou).The geographic concentration of technology-intensive manufacturing industry in Guangdong is continuously increasing,with a high concentration in seven cities of the Pearl River Delta(except Zhaoqing and Jiangmen).Finally,the spatial dispersion index is used to analyze the evolution trend of spatial agglomeration and diffusion of manufacturing industries.From the perspective of the whole province,the Pearl River Delta,Eastern Guangdong,western Guangdong and Northern Guangdong,the trend of industrial agglomeration and diffusion is analyzed respectively.The trend of industrial agglomeration and diffusion in the Pearl River Delta is consistent with that in the whole province,and all of them are labor-intensive.The agglomeration trend of capital and technology-intensive industries is in the trend of diffusion,while the agglomeration trend of capital and technology-intensive industries is in the majority.The industries that have formed the agglomeration trend in eastern Guangdong are not only traditional industries such as textile industry,food manufacturing industry,but also modern industries such as transportation equipment manufacturing,electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing,electronic communication equipment manufacturing industry,etc.Manufacturing industry;the degree of spatial agglomeration of petroleum processing industry in Western Guangdong has improved;the trend of spatial agglomeration of textile industry and garment industry in northern Guangdong is obvious,but most industries are still in a relatively decentralized distribution.Chapter 5,empirical analysis of the factors influencing the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province.This chapter analyses the factors influencing the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry from the perspectives of comparative advantage theory,factor endowment theory,new economic geography theory,government behavior and so on.In the analysis of the factors influencing the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry in Guangdong Province,it uses the method of multiple regression analysis to make an empirical analysis.Because of the Pearl River Delta and the non-Pearl River Delta,the paper makes an empirical analysis.The disparity of regional economic development is very wide,and it is in different stages of economic development.Therefore,three models of the whole province,the Pearl River Delta region and the non-Pearl River Delta region are established for comparative analysis.Empirical analysis shows that the factors affecting the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta and non-Pearl River Delta are similar,including resource endowment,transportation conditions,market demand,externality and technological innovation ability,while the factors influencing the regional differences are crowding effect,degree of opening-up and government support.Prime.In comparing the factors influencing the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry with different factor intensities,it is found that there are significant differences in the main factors influencing the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry due to the different types of manufacturing industry.Taking 2008 as a watershed,this paper empirically analyses the labor-intensive types in 2000-2007 and 2008-2017,respectively.Influencing factors and effect differences of capitalintensive and technology-intensive manufacturing industry agglomeration.Chapter 6,conclusions and suggestions.Firstly,this paper summarizes the previous research conclusions,extracts the core points of this paper,and then,based on the above conclusions,puts forward some optimization suggestions to promote the rational spatial layout of Guangdong manufacturing industry.