Study On Conflict And Coordination Of Stakeholders In PPP Mode Of Rural Infrastructure

The government and social capital cooperation mode(Public-Private Partnership,hereinafter referred to as the PPP mode),refers to the government and social capital to provide Public goods or services and to establish relations of cooperation,compared with the traditional Public utilities provide ways,the PPP mode has the obvious advantages such as economic savings,improve efficiency,to solve the lack of financial resources and low efficiency of Public goods supply,realize the advantage of integration of Public and Private sectors,therefore,is widely used in infrastructure field.In recent years,the No.1 Document of the CPC Central Committee has repeatedly mentioned to vigorously promote rural infrastructure construction and encourage the government and social capital to cooperate in the development of PPP mode.Under the active promotion of the central government,PPP projects for rural infrastructure are emerging.Although they are still in the exploratory stage,they are developing rapidly and their application fields are constantly expanding,covering rural roads,rural environmental governance,farmland water conservancy,agricultural park construction and other aspects,and their advantages are gradually appearing.By the end of June 2020,there were 9,626 PPP projects in China with an investment of 14.8 trillion yuan,including 664 PPP projects in rural infrastructure with an investment of 578.4 billion yuan.Since 2014,510 poverty-stricken counties(most of which have been lifted out of poverty)have explored the application of PPP model to support poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,with an investment of 1.2 trillion yuan.But at the same time of rapid development,rural infrastructure PPP mode also face many difficulties in the practical application,in practice,government departments,cooperative enterprises,farmers and other stakeholders is not coordination and cooperation between the communication is not smooth,lead to low efficiency,problems mount,makes a lot of public-private partnership project did not reach the expected effect,not only can not play their respective advantages,and an additional transaction costs,damage the public interest,the fact that in practice there is plenty of evidence.What are the interest demands of all stakeholders in the current rural infrastructure PPP mode and what are the conflicts of interest? How is the game played? How to promote stakeholder coordination in PPP mode of rural infrastructure? Research to these questions,help to break the current rural infrastructure PPP mode in stakeholder coordination difficulties,to coordinate the interests of all parties,improve cooperation,improve the investment effect,achieve multi-win-win situation,to avoid the situation of project failure,jeopardizing the interests of farmers,to promote the sustainable development of rural infrastructure PPP project has important theoretical and realistic significance.Based on the above background,this paper studies so as to promote rural infrastructure PPP mode in coordinating stakeholders as the goal,using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight method,game analysis,incentive model,methods such as grounded theory,based on several examples of rural infrastructure operation practice to carry out the analysis of the PPP mode,thorough investigation of rural infrastructure PPP mode in the interests of every stakeholder demands,the behavior way,conflicts of interest and decision basis,to explore rural infrastructure PPP mode stakeholder coordination optimization idea,on the basis of the theory and application research,Put forward to promote the rural infrastructure PPP mode stakeholder coordination countermeasures and Suggestions.The main research contents and achievements of this paper include:(1)Analyze the investment status and effects of PPP model in rural infrastructure in China,analyzes the problems existing in the cooperation process,and determines the leading factors affecting the promotion and application of PPP model in rural infrastructure through entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process.The results show that: under the guidance of good policies,the current rural infrastructure PPP model is developing rapidly,and its application field is expanding constantly,and it has achieved positive effects.But practice showed many rural infrastructure public-private partnership projects did not achieve the desired effect,opportunism behavior lead to low efficiency,profit distribution and risk sharing is not reasonable,lack of farmers to participate in,project from the local status and prominent problems such as farmers demand,due to the lack of coordination between government departments,enterprises and farmers lead to conflict and inefficient.Factors such as project income,policy support,fund availability,professional talent sufficiency and sense of equality and cooperation have great influence on the promotion and application of PPP mode in rural infrastructure.(2)Analyze the demands and responsibilities of all stakeholders,analyze the conflicts of interest among stakeholders in the current rural infrastructure PPP projects in combination with relevant cases,and propose an analytical framework to resolve conflicts based on the project governance theory.The analysis results show that the government,social capital and farmers is the core of the rural infrastructure PPP project stakeholders,there is difference and interests conflict,based on the distribution of interests,risk sharing,information asymmetry and other factors,sparked opportunistic behavior among stakeholders is easy to disputes,conflicts caused by the lack of communication,due to overlook farmers and farmers participate in question,the people are against or producing crisis of confidence.The main causes of conflicts are the lack of cooperation motivation of stakeholders,opportunistic behaviors in pursuit of benefit maximization,and the lack of good communication and information sharing among stakeholders.Based on the theory of project governance,conflicts can be resolved from the dimensions of interest distribution,incentive and constraint,and relationship governance.(3)Build a game model to analyze the coordination problem of stakeholders in the PPP mode of rural infrastructure,focuse on discussing the selection mechanism of coordination of principal behaviors,and grasp the evolution path and stability strategy of coordination of principal behaviors under the consideration of income and risk allocation.The research shows that income distribution,risk distribution,supervision intensity and reward and punishment amount are important factors that influence the collaborative strategy of PPP project participants in rural infrastructure,and determine the evolution direction of the coordination of the participants’ behaviors.It is possible that both local governments and cooperative enterprises are reluctant to actively implement the contract due to the one-sided pursuit of economic interests.In this way,the coordination of the principal behaviors between local governments and cooperative enterprises in the PPP mode of rural infrastructure can be promoted by increasing the risk bearing coefficient,improving the incentive level,enhancing the external supervision and intensifying the punishment.Farmers’ participation behavior is closely related to their participation costs and benefits.Increasing government incentives,farmers’ sense of gain and the benefits brought by the improvement of rural infrastructure can promote farmers’ active participation.(4)Build incentive model of stakeholder coordination problems in rural infrastructure PPP mode to carry out the analysis,contrast analysis was carried out on the incentive model under different conditions,and combined with relevant cases to put forward the incentive-restricted mechanism of rural infrastructure PPP project optimization idea.The research shows that compared with the simple explicit incentive model,the introduction of reputation effect can improve the efforts of the social capital side,maintain a long-term stable cooperative relationship between the government side and the social capital side,and make full use of the implicit incentive effect of reputation effect,so that the government side can obtain higher income.The case study shows that the behavior of stakeholders in the RURAL infrastructure PPP model is affected by multiple factors including motivation,incentive and information,and appropriate supervision and incentive measures are conducive to improving the enthusiasm of the subject,enhancing the cooperation performance,and promoting the coordination of stakeholders.(5)Analyze stakeholder coordination in the PPP model of rural infrastructure from the perspective of relationship governance.First grounded theory was applied to rural infrastructure PPP mode exploratory research on the influence factors of the partnership,the analysis shows that the main factor,cooperation factor,system factor,environment factor four main categories is the main influence factors of cooperation between main factors(determined by the communication and profit distribution factor),affecting rural infrastructure PPP model direct factors of partnership,cooperation in the greater the obstacle,rural infrastructure PPP mode cooperation coordination may be smaller,the stability of the partnership.The case study shows that to build a good cooperative relationship among all stakeholders in the PPP model of rural infrastructure,it is necessary to improve the sense of coordination,actively guide farmers to participate in and establish equal cooperative relationship.(6)Finally,on the basis of the application practice of rural infrastructure PPP mode,with the purpose of serving rural development and meeting the needs of rural households,provide operational countermeasures for promoting stakeholder coordination in the PPP mode of rural infrastructure from three aspects: enhancing the rationality of income and risk distribution,perfecting the incentive and constraint framework,and building equality and mutual benefit cooperative relations.The innovation of this paper lies in: from the perspective of research,based on the stakeholder theory,it discusses how to promote the coordination of stakeholders in the PPP model of rural infrastructure,and makes a systematic analysis and diagnosis of the conflicts among stakeholders.The research perspective is unique to some extent.,the research content on rural infrastructure PPP mode in the interests of every stakeholder demands,conflict,behavior and decision-making basis,based on the multiple dimensions to explore rural infrastructure PPP mode in the coordination of the stakeholders,rich in content research of the existing rural infrastructure,deepen and improve the rural infrastructure PPP mode research content system.It has some innovation in the combination and application of methods.