| In recent years,the Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the reform of the price mechanism in the market mechanism,especially the price policy reform of agricultural products,in order to further establish and improve the socialist market economic system and promote sustained and healthy development of the economy and society.In October 2015,the CPC Central Committee,the State Council issued the "opinions" on promoting the reform of the price mechanism,required to accelerate the improvement of agricultural price formation mechanism,co-ordinated the use of international and domestic markets,focused on the role of the market price,the price of agricultural products was mainly determined by the market.The central "No.1 document" published in early 2018 focused on the " Issues of agriculture,farmer and rural area" for 15 years,and still placed the price policy of agricultural products in an important position.How to make the market play a correct role in the price of agricultural products and maintain stable development of the social and economic is the key of the current price policy of agricultural products in China.However,nowadays,the price of international bulk products fluctuates sharply,the price of domestic corn,soybean and other agricultural products fluctuates sharply,and does not occupy an advantage in international competition,which has a certain impact on the smooth operation of the economy and the security and stability of the country.Thus,the timeliness and effectiveness of the price policy of agricultural products are worth discussing.Therefore,based on Chinese national conditions,correct understanding of agricultural price policy about the implementation of the background,history and the effect of policy,can make agricultural policies of our country more targeted and operability,so as to make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages,make full use of the positive effect of price policy to our country while ensure food security,and protect the agricultural production,food security and the living standards of urban and rural residents.Therefore,the main objectives of this paper are as follows.Firstly,we study the exploration,effect and foreign policy of the price policy of agricultural products from ancient times to the present.secondly,we sort out the problems of agricultural products policy,and explore the possibility of policy improvement.Thirdly,we optimize the market price policy of agricultural products,and provide scientific basis and necessary reference for the government to make policy decisions.According to the sharp fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products in recent years,farmers' income fluctuation,the national food safety and public consumption costs influence and other problems,based on the exploration of the domestic agricultural product price policy,research the function and effect of on the state and the market in the price formation.The concrete structure is as follows.First,we put forward the grim situation of Chinese agricultural product price policy under the severe fluctuation of world agricultural products price and summarize the research achievements of scholars in the price of agricultural products and theory.After that,we study the continuous theoretical and practical exploration of the price policy of agricultural products in ancient and modern China.On this basis,through the empirical method,the effect of Chinese agricultural product price policy is evaluated,including the policy of price support and the policy of agricultural subsidies.At the same time,we select the developed and developing countries as the object,and analyze the background,production and development of the agricultural product price policy of the countries at different stages of development.Finally,we study the system design and specific optimization suggestions on the price policy of agricultural products in China.To achieve the research goals,the research methods of this paper are various.The first one is quantitative analysis.Via the Difference-in-Difference Model,we build a model to analyze the efficiency of Chinese corn storage policy;and choose the Data Envelopment Analysis method to calculate the policy efficiency of agricultural subsidies.Secondly,through historical analysis,we deeply analyze the historical background,causes,purpose,process,frame system,historical influence,significance and lessons of the price policy of Chinese and foreign agricultural products.The third one is policy analysis.We explore the causes of price adjustment policy,evaluate the effect of agricultural product temporary storage policy and agricultural subsidy policy,and screen policies at home and abroad,so as to explore new policy options.The fourth one is the comparison method from the perspective of comparison between ancient China and contemporary China,between foreign countries and between China and foreign countries,so as to provide a useful inspiration for systematic and comprehensive understanding and improvement of policies.Fifthly,we take the mechanism design method to explore the best policy combination that is suitable for China's agricultural price regulation target by setting up the overall goal of agricultural price policy and putting the price control policy together.The main conclusions are as follows.Firstly,the research fully affirm the original classical theory and practice of the price policy of agricultural products in China,as well as the remarkable achievements of the contemporary policy.Via combing the Chinese historical evolution of agricultural products price management,we found that China formed a series of original theory in the management of agricultural prices,but also established a series of Chinese scheme and China policy of the stabilization of agricultural products and stable offers of food.The former is the general theory,and the latter is the application of the theory.These Chinese original theories,plans and policies play a leading role in the field of agricultural price management;contribute Chinese wisdom for human beings.We need to inherit,develop and innovate.We can make several conclutions.Only the original theory development in China rooted in practice,can China make contributions for economic development;only through continuous adjustment and marginal improvement policy system,can achieve sustained and stable Chinese prices;from the history and reality,theory and practice,the domestic and foreign market changes,we located accurately,improve the government pricing,make agricultural development of our country to a new glory.Secondly,through quantitative evaluation,it was found that the corn temporary storage policy of 8 years did significantly increased the price of corn in the three provinces of the northeast and Inner Mongolia.As the 50-60% of the farmers' income from the main production area came from corn,the increase in the price of corn meant the increase of farmers' income.The price of the policy to corn was raised by 8.084 yuan per 50 kilograms,so the farmers' income could be increased by 16 billion 100 million yuan in 2015,for example.Income would greatly enhance the enthusiasm of farmers.From the point of Grain output,Chinese total output increased 1.19 tons from 2007 to 2015,which increased 0.72 tons for the corn yield,accounting for 60% of the total increment.It has important significance for the increase of the corn yield to the sustained increase of national grain output.However,on the other hand,with the continuous implementation of the policy for yeas,the development of Chinese corn and related industries has been damaged to a certain extent,including the price distortion of the corn market and so on.Thirdly,the agricultural subsidy implemented in China is very effective,but there is a trend of diminishing efficiency.The comprehensive efficiency can reach above 0.9,indicating that the introduction and the increaseing amount of comprehensive subsidies for agricultural capital,direct subsidies for grain farmers,subsidies for crop varieties and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery,has played an important role to stabilize the prices of agricultural products,increase food production,increase farmers' income.However,with the progress of urbanization and industrialization in China,the impact of subsidy policy on agricultural development has begun to weaken.The attractiveness of policy towards rural residents has shown a downward trend,but the degree of decline is not obvious.There are differences between the annual agricultural subsidies in terms of technical efficiency and scale efficiency.Therefore,in the future policy adjustment,we can further adjust and refine,and improve the efficiency of financial subsidies.It includes the need to pay more attention to the function of environmental protection and the implementation of the agricultural subsidy policy in the subregion.Forthly,the direction of foreign price policy is adjusted.Through the analysis of the major practice experience of the developed countries about the United States,European Union,Japan and South Korea,and typical developing country about Brazil,we found that,foreign agricultural subsidy level did not fall.The methods came from the policy of price subsidies to income subsidy policy.The objectives came from production support to enhance the capacity for sustainable development.Policy object came from high protection policy to the support of innovation,the encouragement of development of diversified and specific high value-added products.Fifthly,we should strengthen the system design of the price policy of agricultural products.The relationship between the state and the market should be straightened out.We should fully respect the law of the market and arrange the system according to the relationship between the state and the market.We must deal well with the relationship between the government,enterprises,families and individuals,and achieve the balance of interests between the four economic entities.And ensuring food supply and price stability is the core and key.We should plan and implement the pricing policies of various agricultural products,and gradually reduce the price support level of agricultural products according to the WTO agricultural rules and turn to the income subsidy policy.The price support should be carried out in the separation form between the price and supplement;we need support the price loss guarantee subsidy,and carry out the pricing based on more market and less national.The goal of subsidy policy should support mainly to the protection of the land.We should gradually reduce the production cost of agricultural products,reform the land system,improve the content of agricultural science and technology,and exert the vitality of market players,so as to improve the price advantage of agricultural products and push forward the development of agriculture in China.The main innovation points and Views are as follow:The first one is to fill in the shortage of the research on the history of agriculture about the policy of agricultural product price.We pointed out that the important position of China in the agricultural product price regulation policy.Through combing the historical gradual price management in China,we found china formed a series of original theoretical about management of agricultural products prices,and a series of advancing China scheme and China policy on the formation of the stable prices of agricultural products and security food supply.Specific policies included weight theory,Pingdi theory,Changping,Qingmao and some other original policy.The second one is to enrich the state theory and the market theory from the perspective of agricultural product price.Due to the excessive intervention of agricultural price policy,the market is prone to a series of problems such as market disorder and regulatory lag.Therefore,we need to respect market rules when making policies.The research on the representative object of the price of agricultural products is a more profound understanding of the theoretical relationship between the state and the market.The relationship between the market and the state is studied on the same level,and the relationship between government,enterprise,family and individual is essentially studied in the economic operation.The third one is the proposal of the price policy of agricultural products from the view of the mechanism design.It is proposed that we should deal well with the relationship between the government,enterprises,families and individuals,and achieve the balance of interests among the four economic entities.The core and key are to ensure food supply and price stability.We should co-ordinate the formulation and implementation of the price policy of various agricultural products,gradually reduce the price support of agricultural products,and turn to the policy of income subsidies.It is necessary to gradually reduce the production cost of agricultural products,reform the land system,improve the agricultural science and technology content,and fundamentally improve the competitiveness of the price. |
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