Research On The Open Innovation Path And Influencing Mechanism Of Enterprise Alliance Portfolio From A Network Perspective

Nowadays the development and evolution of the alliance network have transferred from traditional "point" to "line" and "surface" to "system".And then,previous research had focused on the binary relationship of inter-organizational alliances.But the cross linking of partners among the alliance portfolio had been beyond the traditional binary model,which the network characteristics had been diversifying and networking.The alliance portfolio focused on the effective use and management of "external resources".Innovative activities across organizational network boundaries and resource bases could prevent enterprises from falling into the "core rigidities" and "capability traps",and get rid of the "innovator's dilemma",which could realize the sustainable improvement of the open innovation and enterprise innovation capability in alliance portfolio under the dynamic environment and organizational change.The open innovation of enterprise alliance portfolio often relied on enterprise alliance network and dynamic process.Although the alliance portfolio had important strategic significance for enterprises,but the rate of success was still low.The rate of failure for the alliance network between enterprises innovation cooperation were even more than 50%,and not all enterprises would make the most effective use of potential organization's resources and achieved sustained open innovation through the alliance portfolio.Simultaneously,(1)Why enterprises were willing to participate in alliances portfolio and how to achieve innovative path?(2)What changes had been brought by the network when enterprises joined the alliance portfolio for open innovation?(3)What kind of paths would make dynamic effect on enterprises innovation capability of alliance portfolio due to the change of network?(4)How to achieve the sustainable improvement of open innovation and enterprise innovation capability in alliance portfolio through network multicultural governance? Thus,this article was based on the steps of " formation-change-impact-governance" and focused on " Research on the Open Innovation Path and Influencing Mechanism of Enterprise Alliance Portfolio from a Network Perspective",and the four researches were as following.(1)The first sub-research,what's enterprises' motivation to participate in the alliance portfolio and how to achieve innovation path? This section integrated external environment changes and organization innovation to reveal enterprises' motivation for participating alliance portfolio,then revealed how to achieve the innovation path of alliance portfolio.In addition,this section explained the motivation of formation and innovation path of alliance portfolio based on the cases study of Dongqi Gas Turbine and Haier HOPE Platform.(2)The second sub-research,what's interaction effect among network characteristics,evolutionary path of alliance portfolio and enterprise innovation? This section used the case and network analysis by Datang Mobile to measure network characteristics and evolutionary path of alliance portfolio.Then,this section investigated the interaction effect among the alliance portfolio network characteristics,evolutionary path and enterprise innovation.(3)The third sub-research,what're the dynamic effects of alliance portfolio network characteristics on enterprise innovation capability? This section constructed a theoretical hypothesis model for each separately: the influence of alliance portfolio network structure characteristics on enterprise innovation capability,the influence of alliance portfolio network connection characteristics on enterprise innovation capability.And then,this section done the regression analysis of the above theoretical hypothesis model based on questionnaire survey data,and used the Bootstrap to estimate mediation effect,moderator effect and moderated mediation effect.(4)The fourth sub-research,how to achieve sustainable success of alliance portfolio open innovation through network multicultural governance? This section explored the instable factors of alliance portfolio network from the environmental uncertainty,resource diversity and network complexity.And then,this section analyzed how to promote the coordination and consistency of individual behaviors of alliance partners and collective goals from the perspective of dynamic fit,and established a multi-governance system of alliance portfolio network.Based on the above four research contents and designs,the research conclusions of this article were as following.(1)The fundamental purpose of enterprises to join or build the alliance portfolio was to make use of external resources,break rigidities and inertia of organizational resources and promote the open innovation of enterprises,build competitive and ecological advantage of enterprises.The research indicated that the alliance portfolio could help to reduce uncertainty of external environment and deal with choice of enterprises under complex environment in the future.And then,alliance portfolio could also help enterprises to obtain external resources and compensate limitation of the resource,form synergies or network benefits and improve the competitive position of enterprises.(2)The resource heterogeneity of alliance portfolio was related to network characteristics and evolutionary path.And then,the alliance portfolio network would provide more external resources and more learning opportunities for alliance partners.Simultaneously,the network effect of alliance portfolio was the result of the interrelation and interaction among different partners.The acquisition,distribution,absorption of network resource,and resource utilization efficiency,flexibility and stability were influenced by network characteristics and evolutionary path.And then,the expanding of network size and the increasing path dependence could decrease of the efficiency and returns of the whole network.Moreover,different control strategies and reconstruction of network under focal firm showed the best results to improve the effect of network.(3)The network structure and connection characteristics of alliance portfolio could make a positive impact on the innovation capability of enterprises.For enterprises whom had the advantage of network position in the alliance portfolio network,they would make the innate advantage in absorbing and utilizing network resources,and the network size would expand the depth and breadth of the alliance portfolio network.In addition,the network interconnectedness could improve the effectively of connectivity and accessibility in the alliance portfolio network,and promote the flow and diffusion of resources in the alliance portfolio network.And,the network relationship was benefit for the construction of shared vision and common goal as well as the trust between members of the organization.Simultaneously,absorptive capacity could effectively promote the grouping,externalization,integration and internalization of explicit or implicit resources such as technology and knowledge.The boundary-spanning search helped enterprises to search and capture innovative resources and innovation opportunities,explore potential partners,and build a diverse network to get external organizational resources to promote innovation.Overall,the results also indicated that resource flow positively mediates the association between its network interconnectedness and innovation capability,and governance had a significant impact on the innovation capability of enterprise.(4)The environmental uncertainty,resource diversity and network complexity tended to increase instability and the risk of termination for the alliance portfolio network.And then,the strategic fit,organizational fit and the network fit among alliance partners would promote to explore multiple governance systems of alliance portfolio network based on transaction governance,relationship governance and network governance.And then,that would contribute to the integration of innovation network among participating entities in the alliance portfolio,and effectively ensure the development,implementation and success of innovation activities between the alliance and the individual network.The mainly theoretical contributions of this research are as follows.(1)From the perspective of dynamic environmental and open innovation,the research explored the formation of alliance portfolio and the construction of innovation path.It showed that enterprises how to develop their own innovation capabilities,and then the research extended organizational boundaries from within the enterprise to the alliance portfolio in order to capture more external resources and innovation opportunities to achieve more innovative incomes.The research explored how enterprises could acquire knowledge resources in different external fields through boundary-spanning search and knowledge creation,effectively maintain the diversity of resource inflows such as enterprise knowledge.And the research realized the sustainable development innovation capability or competition performance and open innovation of enterprises through the flexible or unrestrained of alliance network.(2)This research focused on the micro-characteristic of alliance portfolio network,and analyzed the dynamic influence between the alliance portfolio and enterprise innovation from the perspectives of network characteristics and network evolution.This research brought the internal characteristics of the alliance portfolio network to the network level from the one-to-one link,which could not only better conform to the complex external cooperation network of enterprises in this era,but also it was possible to mine the new dynamics of the network bearer itself and explain the root causes.Simultaneously,it opened the process of dynamic effect between the characteristics of alliance network and the ability of enterprise innovation,and analyzed the path of absorptive capacity and boundary-spanning search,the path of resource flow and governance that how to effect the innovation capability of enterprises.(3)This research indicated alliance portfolio network adaptive management and balance strategy governance system based on the dynamic fit and multicultural governance.It examined and broke the limitations of alliance portfolio governance,and identified the obstacles and traps of enterprise innovation capability improvement.It also revealed the strategy and mechanism of coordinated matching of individual behaviors and overall behaviors of organizational members of alliance portfolio network under dynamic scenarios.It had built an adaptive governance development path between the alliance portfolio and enterprises,and explained the significance of alliance portfolio to enterprises innovation practice from a network system perspective.