| National trends in paid work, domestic work, personal care, and leisure time are presented using data from Statistics Canada's General Social Survey on time-use for the years 1986, 1992, and 1998. Theories of time-use and time-geography are used to conceptualize change in the use of time as a negotiation within a complex system of activities that are traded-off under conditions of structural and behavioural change. A life-course perspective is used to account for variation in time-use across life-course stages with different role obligations.; Analyses demonstrate the existence of gender convergence and life-course differentiation in the use of time and social engagement. The division of labour between the genders has diminished, while one's stage in the life-course and labour force participation are factors contributing to a growing diversity in lived experience. Findings are elaborated, including addressing acceleration in daily life and introducing the concepts of highly coupled time-use programs and cascading failures in event-based time and the consequences these developments have on time-stress. Time alone, private social engagement, and public social engagement are also conceptually defined and operationalized utilizing time-use data. Private social engagement occurs in contact with one's primary social group of family members and friends, while public social contact occurs as secondary group within leisure time or paid work time. National trends in social engagement indicate that the amount of time individuals spend alone has increased and, with the exception of social contact with one's children, private social contact has declined. The subjective experience of time-use, as measured by an index of time-stress, enables analyses that demonstrate a trend to toward increased time-stress and greater variation in perceived time-stress among stages in the life-course. |
