| Formative measurements represent a type of measurement model in which the direction between constructs and their items are from indicators to constructs. Formative measurements have been recognized and applied in many disciplines, such as Information Systems and entrepreneurship. However, the applications of formative measurements are impeded due to lack of measurement theory developed to achieve validity evidence for formative measurements. This dissertation highlights the need to further understand the validity issues of formative measurement, and develops new methods to gain validity evidence for formative constructs. Previous literature serves as the foundation for this. The dissertation also includes a review of the entrepreneurship literature to assess the extent of measurement model misspecification in the field. Thus, the dissertation contains three essays: Essay one examine the construct validity (convergent vs. discriminant validity) of formative measurement; Essay two deals with the generalizability validity of formative measurements; Essay three conducts a review to assess the measurement misspecification in entrepreneurship literature. Together, the dissertation contributes to the literature by providing deeper understanding of the application of formative measurements in the entrepreneurship literature, as well as developing statistical methods to validate formative measurements. |
