| This dissertation study investigated earlier precepts of humanistic, feministic, and neurobiological perspectives on the psychological development of women. Traditional models of development suggest autonomy as a marker for healthy psychological growth. However, this study offered a new perspective suggesting that witnessing is foundational to the development of women's identity. Witnessing, in this sense, is a spontaneous, unconscious relational act. Using five semi-structured interviews and Camic et al.'s Listening Guide (LG), data from five women aged from 34 to 60 was analyzed and compared across interviews to identify themes that characterize witnessing in women, and seven themes were found: (a) Relationships among women lead to growth and self-esteem, (b) competition negatively impacts women's relationships, (c) listening is highly valued in women's relationships, (d) interpersonal connections contribute to women's personal and social growth, (e) women as peers are a major source of support during stressful times, (f) many examples of childhood abuse and/or neglect are common in women's early life, and (g) the relational nature of women is of critical importance. This dissertation study further revealed that a psychology of witnessing is present in female-to female relationships and promotes growth and healing among women, thus suggesting a relational pathway of development. |
