Toward a better understanding of adult learning: A critical analysis of adult self-directed learning and transformative learning

The purpose of this research study was to determine to what extent, if any, Union Institute and University's (UI&U) doctorate of philosophy program based at the Venture Center site in North Miami Beach leads to transformative learning. This study analyzed critically adult self-directed learning and transformative learning and sought to assess whether this program is self-directed or collaborative learning.; At its onset, this project was grounded in qualitative approach to research. As the review of the literature concerning adult education progressed, it became clear that the study must also be informed by quantitative data. The research design selected, therefore, was both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were collected in the pilot study using a questionnaire survey and qualitative data were gathered through focus group interviews. Recent Ph.D. graduates and graduate learners enrolled in UI&U's Graduate College based at the Venture Center site were sampled to decipher and retain questions for the focus group sessions. The survey also aimed at collecting preliminary information about the respondents' assessments of their learning experience in Union Institute and University's doctorate of philosophy program. Throughout the study, data collection and analysis were combined with updated theory development in adult teaching and learning.; The research findings suggest that: (1) Although Union Institute and University's doctorate of philosophy program may lead, to some degree, to critical reflection, it is inconclusive whether it leads to transformative learning. (2) The teaching and learning process at Union Institute and University is collaborative or cooperative as opposed to self-directed.; Further elaboration on approaches in adult education such as collaborative learning, self-directed learning, and transformative learning and their implication for practice, and a future research agenda concluded this study.