| This study was designed to explore the predictive power and heuristic value of applying the tenets of evolutionary theory, life history theory and behavioral ecology to human populations by an examination of a contemporary issue--the timing of first reproduction. Evolutionary theory provided the basis for predictions of fitness maximization; life history theory identified the maximization parameters; and human reproductive ecology provided the basis for interpretation.;For human populations, reproduction at a given age and the total number of children will depend upon biological, physiological, social, economic, and ecological factors, and an assessment of past, current, and future conditions. This assessment is made with the knowledge that effort expended in one activity precludes effort allocated to others and that all actions imply opportunity costs. Reproductive decisions reflect an optimal solution to the problems imposed by these costs. To examine the timing of first reproduction, five hypotheses and their predictions were developed to test the relationship between age at first birth and variables that measure variation in individual physical and social conditions.;There were several important findings. The impact of intrinsic physiological and behavioral health factors on the timing of first reproduction pointed to the importance of physiological development. Another important and consistent finding was the lack of importance of an extensive social support system for reproduction in this population. While a strong and reliable social support system was not important for reproduction it was critical to the successful pursuit of higher education. When educational achievement was important to the family, and well supported, delayed reproduction was a strong correlate. As many researchers, educators and healthcare providers have stated, opportunities for education may be the most important factor for helping young women make healthy reproductive decisions. |
