| This study was an exploratory effort in motivational research with a comparison of job attitudes between profit and non-profit organizations using Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene factors and with an inquiry of job satisfaction as a function of demographic variables. Inconsistencies between Frederick Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory with affective component only and Amitai Etzioni's Theory of Compliance with affective and cognitive components in worker's orientation served as the initial reason or entry point for the research.;An ex post facto design was utilized. Job attitude was measured for each of Herzberg's factors using Likert-type scales. The demographic variables were (1) gender, (2) education level, (3) generation, (4) age, (5) marital status, (6) years of work experience, (7) family origin and (8) occupation/social group.;Findings were as follows. First, three major factors for profit organizations and four for non-profit organizations were found instead of two, motivation and hygiene, expected from Herzberg's theory. Second, differences between profit and non-profit entities were with (1) Growth, (2) Policy and Administration, (3) Salary, (4) Job Security, (5) Work Conditions and (6) Overall Satisfaction. Those in profit organizations had higher satisfaction scores than those in non-profit organizations with the exception of Job Security. And third, sixteen curvilinear relationships between Herzberg's factors and demographic variables were found. One conclusion from the demographic relationships was that limiting opportunities and reexamination of goals may be occurring for the age group of 45 and higher in nonprofit organizations.;A model of job attitudes was developed from the point of view that cognitive and affective components determine attitudes. The model may be used to improve efficiency or effectiveness of organizations. |
