Research On Conflict Governance Between National Nature Reserves And Surrounding Communities Examined From Social Ecological System Framework

China is carrying out ecological civilization construction to promote the harmonious development of natural ecosystems and economic society.For a long time,the conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities have become the epitome of the conflicts between nature protection and economic and social development.They are related to the stability of the ecological security system that takes nature reserves as nodes,and to the revitalization of rural areas such as rural civilization and wealthy life.The reality of strategic goals has affected the modernization process of grassroots administrative governance and the overall requirements for promoting ecological civilization.There are many studies on the conflicts and governance of China's nature reserves and surrounding communities,but there is a lack of applied research using the Social-Ecological System Framework(SESF)that has received more attention in the field of international natural resource governance,which is not conducive to the comparative analysis and international sharing of research findings restrict the academic and practical value.Based on the 2009 Nobel Prize winner in economics,professor Eleanor Ostrom's social ecological system framework,combined with conflict theory,system theory,governance theory,this study established a social ecological system framework of nature reserve and surrounding community,with a view to optimizing the conflict management model between nature reserves and surrounding communities,and coordinating the relationship between nature reserves and surrounding communities.This study takes nature reserves in Shaanxi and all surrounding communities as research areas,and combines ecology,sociology,economics,management and other interdisciplinary research methods to expand the research on conflict management.And duel to establish the conflict identification mechanism,conflict generation mechanism and conflict governance theoretical analysis framework of nature reserves and surrounding communities.First,to identify the results and processes of conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities,that is,identify the nature reserve and the surrounding community's social ecosystem,and based on this,a conflict recognition framework for the nature reserve and the surrounding community was constructed.The methods of descriptive statistics and difference test were used to identify the conflict process and results from the level of the main conflict subject nature reserve managers and community households;secondly,the mechanism of conflict generation was analyzed from the perspective of managers and households.Second,the mechanism of conflict generation was analyzed from the perspective of managers and households.At the manager level,the structural equation model and OLS regression were used to analyze the causes of conflict;at the household level,the structural equation model and quantile regression were used to analyze the causes of conflict.Third,the case analysis method is used to analyze conflict governance and its effectiveness.Analyze the interaction between various subsystems and the situation of conflict generation results from the level of social ecosystem,and explore the relationship between governance strategies and governance effectiveness.Final,the optimal mode of conflict governance is proposed.Adopt the selection experiment method and construct conditional logit and mixed logit models to explain the heterogeneity of household' choice preferences,so as to propose a plan for optimizing the conflict governance model,alleviate the conflict between natural reserves and surrounding communities,and improve the effectiveness of conflict governance.Through the study,the following main results are obtained:a)In terms of conflict identification,material conflicts between Shaanxi Nature Reserve and surrounding communities have gradually decreased,while non-material conflicts have increased.The interaction of material conflicts and non-material conflicts creates conflicts of identity differences among conflicting subjects.b)In the analysis of the causes of conflicts,conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities are due to resource constraints such as biodiversity protection,which are closely related to the attitudes and behaviors of managers and the livelihoods of households.From the manager level,the better the value judgment,the smaller the conflict between the nature reserve and the community,but the past management behavior may not be able to coordinate the relationship between the two parties.From the level of households,the impact of natural capital,social capital and financial capital on conflicts is more obvious.c)At present,conflict management nature reserve in Shaanxi and surrounding communities is still dominated by the government,but the self-organization of village collectives,cooperatives and NGOs has received the attention of the government.With the dynamic changes in social economy and policy management,conflicts between nature reserves and surrounding communities will become more complicated.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize conflict governance strategies and build a multi-level and dynamic conflict governance model.d)Households prefer a higher compensation standard,can carry out more eco-tourism,and the governance mode is a conflict governance model based on independent governance.In addition,the more women,the older and the lower the education level,the more they agree to maintain the existing conflict governance model,while the stronger the willingness to engage in the agriculture and forestry industry and the management of nature reserves,the more they agree to improve the conflict governance strategy.In order to alleviate and eliminate the conflicts between national nature reserves and surrounding communities,this study proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions based on the research results of the conflicts in Shaanxi Province: First,scientifically recognize and dynamically identify conflicts between national nature reserves and surrounding communities Second,establish a direct communication channel between the nature reserve and surrounding communities;third,strengthen the collective economy and attract the attention of foreign investors;fourth,establish a multi-center selfgovernance nature reserve and neighboring communities conflict governance model.