Study On The Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy Of China's High-emission Industries From The Perspective Of Supply Chain

Addressing climate change is one of the most urgent issues in the world.Although the Paris Agreement came into effect in 2016 and confirmed that global warming need to be controlled within 2 degrees Celsius,it is still difficult for the intended nationally determined contributions to control the global temperature goals.In particular,the adverse conditions,such as the economic downturn and the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement,make the climate governance face great uncertainties.Thus,it is meaningful to search a new emission reduction pathway for balancing the economic development and the climate change.In fact,the emission reduction actions of enterprises are particularly important to implement the goals of Paris Agreement.However,with the green consumption springing up,the emission reduction actions of individual enterprises are always difficult to meet the growing demand for green consumption.In fact,the emission reduction from the perspective of supply chain can make up for these deficiencies.In particular,China is the globally largest carbon emitter,and it is important for its high-emission industries to conduct emission reduction from the perspective of supply chain.In fact,China's high emission supply chain still faces many problems in the process of low-carbon transition,such as the high emission reduction costs,the low profits,the fund dearth of R&D and how to effectively reduce emissions.Therefore,this thesis explores the optimal emission reduction strategies of China's high emission supply chain in terms of the emission reduction investment,the product profits,the government subsidy and the critical emission control pathways,in order to improve the integration among the economic efficiency,social efficiency and environmental efficiency.First,emission reduction investment is an important way to achieve the emission reduction of supply chain,but it is unresolved for supply chain how to make the optimal emission reduction investment portfolio by balancing the emission targets and profits.Thus,with the Stackelberg game,the two-stage profit model,and the data from Wuhan Iron and Steel Company Limited during 2015-2017,this thesis investigates the optimal investment portfolio of the three emission reduction investments(i.e.,R&D investment,equipment investment and management investment)in different stages from the perspective of maximizing product profits.The results not only reveal the influence mechanism of various factors(i.e.,government subsidy,the low-carbon awareness of consumer,and carbon price)on supply chain's emission reduction investment portfolios,but also put forward their optimal investment strategy in different stages.Second,product pricing is a key factor affecting the market competitiveness of ETS-covered product,but it is unresolved for supply chain how to make the optimal product pricing under various carbon quota allocation rules.Thus,this thesis uses the Stackelberg game,Nash game,the payment utility function of consumer,and the Shapley value based on cost modification to investigate these issues.The results not only put forward the optimal product pricing mechanism of the manufacturer and retailer under different carbon quota allocation rules,but also construct the allocation mechanism of the emission reduction profits in the cooperative supply chain.Third,government subsidy is an important way to alleviate the funding dearth of low-carbon investment in supply chain,but it is unresolved for government how to make the optimal subsidy strategy in various research and development(R&D)stages of low-carbon technology.Thus,taking the new energy vehicles as an example,this thesis adopts the Stackelberg game and Nash game models to explore this issue.The results put forward the optimal government subsidy for the early stage of R&D,the middle stage of R&D,and the late stage of R&D.Meanwhile,this thesis proposes the optimal R&D investment and advertising investment of supply chain under different government subsidy modes from the perspective of maximizing product profits.Last,it is an effective way for supply chain to achieve emission reduction by managing the critical emission pathways,but it is unresolved how to accurately identify the critical emission pathways of supply chain.Thus,taking the transport sector of 31 provinces in China as an example,this thesis adopts the environmentally extended multi-regional input–output model and the structural path analysis method to expore this issue.The results not only put forward the key final consumptions driving transport secotr's carbon emissions,but also propose the crtical emission pathways from the perspective of transport sector's direct and indirect carbon emissions.In summary,this thesis focuses on the four core issues of supply chain,i.e.,reducing the emission reduction costs,improving the product profits,developing the low-carbon technology,and tracking the critical emission pathways,so as to systematically explore the emission reduction strategy of supply chain and put forward the optimal solutions for improving the low-carbon technology.