The Design Theory And Application Of Passive Low-energy Buildings In Cold Regions

Passive low-energy residential buildings are designed to minimize the use of traditional fossil fuels,while meeting the demand of cooling and heating.Explore theories and methods of designing passive low-energy residential buildings suitable for cold regions,has certain theoretical guiding significance to promote passive low-energy buildings in the region.At the same time,the passive low-energy residential buildings can bring huge economic and social benefits.Combine with the Tianjin Eco-City Demonstration Project,form a set of indicator systems,design methods and technologies of passive low-energy residential building suitable for cold regions,and promote the development of building energy conservation in China.Based on the climatic characteristics of cold regions,this paper studies the design theories and methods of the passive low-energy residential buildings and conducts the research results on the demonstration projects.The paper is divided into seven parts according to the logic sequence of ‘research background – development situation –basic parameters-design theory-design method-case analysis-conclusion and outlook ".The first part is the background of the research,by analyzing the background of the global energy crisis and the total carbon emission increasing in China,combined with the background of Tianjin Eco-city's urban development,elaborates the significance of studying passive low-energy residential buildings,and investigats the research situation of domestic and foreign passive low-energy residential buildings,providing basic information for the next stage of research.The second part is the development situation,introduces the "super-adiabatic house" in North America," the upgrade path of building energy efficiency " in Europe and its impacts on building energy efficiency in Germany and China,comparing the key indicators in the German and Chinese standards,clarifies the direction of localization study of passive housing standards,and establishes a solid foundation for the third part of the study.The third part is the basic parameters,defines that the indoor thermal comforte is the primary parameter to influence the building energy consumption.In the case where the indoor thermal comfort temperature is constant,according to the characteristics of thermal adaptability of residents in Tianjin Eco-city in summer,the starting point of air conditioning load calculation temperature is raised to 28? and relative humidity is raised to 70%.In order to avoid the discomfort caused by the change of thermal environment,the requirement of uncertainty rate about temperature uncertainty rate and relative humidity was increased in the indoor thermal comfort degree.The fourth part is the design theory.Bases on the thermal comfort standard of Tianjin,a fast-calculation model is built for passive low-energy buildings.It can quickly judges whether the design scheme can meet the requirements of energy consumption in the early stage of the project design,and get the influence of each parameter on energy consumption more intuitively,providing a basis for the architectural scheme design.At the same time,based on the fast calculation model of energy consumption,this paper explores the multi-objective collaborative design principle of passive low-energy residential buildings,establishes an innovative theory and a logical way of design thinking for the passive low-energy residential buildings.The fifth part is the design method.This paper proposes a multi-specialty collaborative process control system for conceptual design,optimization design,preliminary design,construction drawing design and optimizes the design method.Compared with the design of conventional energy-saving building,this paper establishes the relationship between design indicators and design methods from two aspects of energy-saving and cost in the stage of scheme design.At the same time,it put forward the preliminary design method and detailed design method of construction drawings suitable for passive low-energy residential buildings,realizes the transformation from quantitative simulation calculation to qualitative design method,and achieves the purpose of scientific decision-making and design innovation of passive low-energy residential buildings.The sixth part is the case analysis,combines with the Tianjin Eco-City demonstration project,the research results of the fourth and fifth parts have been applied to the actual project design,preliminary design and construction design,in order to test the results obtained rationality,maneuverability and scientificity.The seventh part is the conclusions and prospects,summarizes the conclusions of this article and puts forward some ideas for follow-up research in the direction of passive low-energy residential buildings.