Research On Modeling And Optimal Operation Of Residential Demand Response In Smart Grid

Recently,with the rapid development of smart grid and the gradual opening of the electricity market,the infrastructure and policy for residents to participate in the optimal operation of power system have been provided.Residents can become an important flexibility resource for power system through demand response.Although the power of single residential load is small,the total power of residents is quit large due to the large number of loads.Therefore,how to design the incentive mechanism and demand response projects for residents to participate in interaction with power grid,and how to realize the optimal operation of large-scale residential loads,these have become the key issues in the research of residential demand response.Based on the theory of correlation,game theory and equivalence aggregation,this paper studies the participation strategies of large-scale residential demand response in the optimal operation of power system,and the main research work is summarized as follows:In order to incentivize residentila users to participate in peak shaving of power grid through demand response,this paper proposes a peak shaving incentive mechanism that reflects the contribution of residential power consumption to the peak shaving,and then puts forward the optimal power consumption strategy for residents.Based on the analysis of the load characteristics of household appliances,we establish the load models of various appliances considering the user's comfort.Afterwards,based on the situation that the current time-of-use price is not enough to arouse the enthusiasm of residential users to participate in the peak shaving of power grid and new peak load may be created,we start from the correlation between the residential load and the system load,put forward a peak shaving incentive mechanism that reflects the contribution of residential power consumption to the peak shaving,and then prove its rationality.Then we synthesize the electricity cost,comfort degree and the incentive to form the optimal power consumption strategy for residential users.The simulation results show that the incentive mechanism proposed in this paper can take account of the interests of residents and the power grid,which is an effective supplementary incentive mechanism for the fixed or time of use electricity price mechanism.It can reduce the electricity cost as well as the peak load of residential users,conform to the need of peak load shifting,and therefore realize the friendly interaction between residential users and the power grid.Focusing on problem that multiple residents in the community participate in the demand response project of electricity retailer in the electricity market,this paper proposes a potential game based distributed optimization strategy for residential demand response in the community,which takes into account the interests of residents and electricity retailer.Firstly,we establish the interactive mode of demand response between the electricity electricity retailer and the residential users.The electricity retailer exchanges the scheduling rights of the residential loads by giving the residents incentive compensation and ensuring that their electricity costs will not increase.Then,residential users are regarded as game players,and load operation plans are regarded as game strategies.After the full consideration of residential load characteristics and their electricity costs,a optimization model of the electricity retailer is established based on potential game,aiming at maximizing its profits.Thereafter,in order to solve the strategies iterative problems with a large number of residential players,a distributed parallel iterative algorithm was put forward,which could coordinate strategies updating of residential players via their community agents.The simulation results show that the proposed model can protect the residential users'interests as well as effectively reduce the cost of purchasing electricity and the peak load of the residents,taking into account the interests of both parties.The proposed algorithm can converge to Nash equilibrium in a short time,and still keep a good convergence for the large-scale residential demand response.For the problem of a large number of low-power residential loads participating in the optimal operation of power system,this paper proposes an optimal operation framework for large-scale residential loads based on the equivalent aggregated model,and studies the equivalent aggregated models and the optimal operation strategyies for two types of typical residential loads:transferable load and interruptible load.Firstly,the equivalent aggregated model and optimal operation strategy for the large-scale residential transferable loads are established.In thi s paper,the concept and definition of the equivalent aggregate model of a load group in the optimization model are proposed,and its equivalent mechanism is explained.Then,the equivalence framework for residential loads based on grouping is proposed,which divides the large-scale transferable loads into several load groups according to their parameters,and each load group is aggregated respectively.Then,the single model and group model of the transferable load are established,and then serveral equivalence aggregation theorems are proved.Based on the theorem,the equivalent aggregated model of a load group can be established,and the upper bound of the equivalence deviation is analyzed.Finally,the whole process of applying the equivalent aggregated model to the optimal operation of the large-scale transferable loads is proposed.The case study shows that the optimal operation strategy of transferable loads based on the equivalent aggregated model can effectively coordinate the large-scale transferable loads in the optimization of power system,reduce the system operation cost and avoid a new load peak;the proposed equivalent aggregated model of transferable loads has high accuracy and fast calculation speed,and can be applied to large-scale transferable loads optimization scenarios.Then,the equivalent aggregated model for large-scale residential interruptible loads is also established,and the grouping criterion for interruptible loads is proposed.Based on the concept of equivalence aggregation and the framework of grouping equivalence,the single model and group model of interruptible loads are established.For continuous interruptible loads and ON\OFF interruptible loads,their equivalence aggregation theorems are proved respectively,and the equivalent aggregated models are established based on the theorems.The upper bound of equivalence deviation is also analyzed.According to the characteristics of equivalent aggregated model,a grouping criterion for interruptible loads based on reference dispatching period is proposed.the case study shows that the proposed load grouping criterion based on the reference dispatching period can effectively reduce the number of interruptible load groups.The established equivalent aggregated model can accurately describe the aggregated operation characteristics of interruptible loads,and coordinate the optimal operation of large-scale interruptible loads with fast speed and high accuracy.Research results provide theoretical support for large-scale residential loads to participate in the day-ahead and intraday optimal operation of the power system.