A Research On The Selection Of Policy Instruments For Chinese New Energy Vehicle Industry

As one of the industries in the "13th Five-Year" national strategic emerging industry development plan,which the government attaches great importance to,China's system support for new energy vehicle industry has been nearly 20 years.In the process of promoting the development of new energy vehicle industry,the problems of the unreasonable policy instruments selection,and the contrary to the industrial policy transformation trend are quite serious.For the policy instrument theory,the contradiction between its important status and its lack of attention is outstanding.In this realistic and theoretical background,it is necessary to analyze the reality of policy instruments selection for China's new energy vehicle industry on the basis of deepening the theoretical research of policy instruments,and find the corresponding selection optimization program.The research on the policy instruments selection for the new energy vehicle industry needs to be guided by certain theoretical paradigm.The "new governance" theory transforms the analysis unit of administration or public policy into the instrument for achieving public goals,while emphasizing the importance of organization networks,public-private partnerships,negotiating persuasion methods and empowerment skills to solve public problems,which adapts to the current governance environment in China.The theory of "new governance" is instructive for us to classify policy instruments,set policy selection standards and make the selection process of policy instruments clear,which can be used as a theoretical basis for building an analytical framework for instruments selection.In terms of instruments classification,to divide the policy instruments into regulation,inducement.capacity building,system improvement four categories,not only adapts to the background of today's network governance,but also meets the need of new energy vehicle industry policy research.The core mechanism of the four types of policy instruments is the rules of the arrangements,the financial purchase of public goods,the support of scientific and technological innovation,the optimization of public goods supply system.In terms of policy instruments selection standards,public welfare,scientific,institutional adaptability and manageability are the standards researchers pay the most attention to and the most systematic.In terms of the policy instruments selection process,combined with the new governance paradigm and other scholars' research,the selection process can be divided into three stages:the analysis of the status quo of policy instruments selection,the evaluation of the status quo of policy instruments selection and the optimization of policy instruments selection.The analytical framework of policy instruments selection which takes policy instruments classification,policy instruments selection standards and policy instruments selection process as the core elements,constitutes the logical basis for the research of the policy instruments selection for new energy vehicle industry.Since 2001,China's new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection can be divided into R&D promotion,consumption promotion,system support three historical periods,comprehensively refer to regulatory,incentive,capacity building,system improvement instruments.The policy instruments selection in the past two decades has the characteristics of obeying the policy planning objectives,being driven by key events.influenced by the reform of the system and more dependent on the multi cooperation,and has made some achievements in the basic R&D,production and sales,business model innovation.In answer to the question of whether China's new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection is reasonable,the conclusion of this paper is based on the case study using grounded theory.After describing and summarizing the typical events or processes of the 16 new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection,this paper takes three levels of coding analysis to answer the question whether the regulatory,incentive,capacity building,system improvement instruments selection is consistent with public welfare,scientific,adaptive,manageability standards.And through the logical consistency check,further explanation and argumentation to increase the reliability of the conclusion.By comparing the "ought" to the "actual" conditions,we can sum up the reasonable places of the policy instruments selection for the new energy vehicle industry in China:in public welfare,the expansion of the science and technology participation channel ensures the public welfare of the capacity building instruments selection;in scientific,through policy research,experiment and technology information sharing,mutual evaluation,the scientific of incentive,capacity building instruments is increased;in system adaptability,through adapting to the reform of the economic and social system,the possible conflict between regulatory,system improvement instruments and institutional environment is reduced;in manageability.through the establishment of complementary functions and cooperation relationships,the effectiveness of the capacity building selection is increased.At the same time.China's new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection also presents certain problems.In public welfare,due to the lack of public welfare and effectiveness evaluation,lack of participation,effectiveness guarantee mechanism to build,result in regulatory,incentive,system improvement,instruments to deviate from public interest;in scientific,because of narrow understanding angle and one-sided understanding of social risk,result in regulatory and system improvement instruments to be divorced from the actual situation,in system adaptability,due to the imperfect market supervision,the technological system structure dysfunction,cause the government to be absent and offside in the correlation function;in manageability,the neglect of the cooperative relationship between the controlling and the controlled,the encouraging and the accepting,and the different functional undertaker cause the related actors not to cooperate in solving the corresponding problem.The optimization of China's new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection,should aim at the origin of the policy instruments selection problems,to ensure the instruments selection to be guided by public interest,to increase the scientific of the instruments selection,to expand a reasonable system space for the instruments selection,and to establish effective cooperation relationships that the instruments selection depends on.The innovation of this paper mainly includes four aspects.First,based on the new governance paradigm,this paper constructs the three-stage process mechanism framework including the analysis of the status quo of the instruments selection,the instruments selection evaluation according to standards,and the optimization of policy instruments selection.Second,the evaluation scheme of China's new energy vehicle industry policy instruments is designed.This paper takes the policy instruments selection,which is the core stage of the decision process,as break through point,combines the ought be standards including the public interest,scientific,system adaptability,manageability,and the actual state of the regulatory,incentive,capacity building,system improvement instruments selection for the new energy vehicle industry,designs the evaluation scheme of the policy instruments selection.Third,this paper points out that the key to optimize the policy instruments selection for new energy vehicle industry is to rationalize the relationship between the central and local governments.The prioritization schemes proposed previously are either one-sided or lack of relevant factual basis.This paper not only demonstrates the risk point of non cooperation between central and local governments by proposing a dual incentive model of local governments behavior,but also through several cases,to prove that the central and local zero sum game is the most important reason for the irrational choice of policy instruments.Fourth,this paper puts forward the strategy of policy instruments selection in China's governance background.Whether it is theoretically or practically,the integration of governance theory and policy instrument theory has certain necessity,but the research of policy instrument selection strategy in the background of network governance is rare.This article not only through the fact of new energy vehicle industry policy instruments selection to narrate the theory of "new governance",but also puts forward the standards of the policy instruments selection in the context of network governance,trying to go beyond the case and propose heuristic policy instruments selection strategy in the context of governance.