| Maintenance plays an important role in maintaining the safe,stable and efficient operation of hydropower equipment(HE).The quality of equipment maintenance depends on the ability of maintenance engineers to handle maintenance tasks.Digitalization of equipment maintenance is the basis of improving the comprehensive ability of maintenance personnel,which provides a more convenient way for maintenance personnel's knowledge learning,maintenance skill training and on-site maintenance assistance.The maintenance of HE is a series of process activities of disassembling parts and dealing with them in three-dimensional space,which leads to the difficulty of standardized visual expression.In addition,because of the uncertainty of human maintenance operation,it is difficult to build the visual simulation model of physical equipment in virtual environment.Moreover,there are many parts and components in HEs,which increases the complexity of automatic calculation of disassembly sequence.As a result,the support capability for equipment maintenance is limited.Therefore,it is of great engineering value to study the key technology,theory and method of digital equipment maintenance and build equipment virtual maintenance system.In the digitalization of maintenance of HEs,the traditional two-dimensional animation or three-dimensional process simulation method lacks human-computer interaction,which restricts the active participation of users.Therefore,this paper thoroughly studies the construction method of interactive maintenance simulation environment.Meanwhile,to improve the support capability for equipment maintenance,further research on the automatic planning of equipment maintenance disassembly sequence is carried out,and a better solution method of disassembly sequence is explored.In addition,to fully grasp the operation process of the equipment and system,the visual simulation research of the various working condition operation process of the equipment system is studied.Finally,based on the digital technology of equipment maintenance,the application of virtual maintenance is carried out.The main work and innovative achievements are as follows:(1)The digital method for virtual maintenance of equipment is studied.Firstly,according to the requirements of the virtual maintenance of HEs,a three-dimensional digital framework of the virtual maintenance of HEs is proposed and established,which determines the basic technical route for the three-dimensional digitization in the study,training and support of the maintenance of HEs.Secondly,this paper puts forward a method to construct digital information of equipment maintenance in hydropower station from six aspects: geometry structure,constraint relationship,maintenance knowledge,maintenance task,maintenance process and maintenance record.Thirdly,the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the comprehensive quality of personnel.The evaluation indexes are established from three aspects:basic knowledge,operation proficiency and operation completion.Finally,the method of virtual maintenance data management is studied,which lays the foundation for automatic planning,3D visual simulation and digital service of equipment maintenance.(2)According to the needs of active learning of maintenance personnel,the construction method of interactive maintenance training simulation environment is studied based on the digitalization of equipment maintenance.Firstly,the relationship model among human,tools and parts in the actual maintenance operation is established,and the strategy of gradually building equipment environment from parts is formulated.Secondly,the concept and construction method of interactive virtual components are proposed to solve the construction of interactive simulation environment for equipment maintenance,which includes complex interaction and operation process.This method avoids complex analysis and improves the reuse rate of simulation parts.The application example shows that it is only necessary to simulate 13 types of components to realize the interactive simulation of the turbine guide bearing equipment with 197 components,which verifies the effectiveness of the method.(3)To realize the automation of maintenance operation guidance in HEs,the disassembly sequence planning of equipment maintenance is studied.Firstly,according to the actual process of equipment disassembly,a group planning strategy is developed to reduce the complexity of calculation.Secondly,the target disassembly sequence is defined,and the cost of spatial movement is introduced into the objective function of disassembly sequence evaluation.Then,team-besed genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the disassembly sequence,and multi team competition and update mechanism are introduced into GA to improve the global optimization ability.The combination of priority protection crossover(PPX),multi-point heuristic mutation(MHM)and forward-and-backward optimization operator(FBOO)is adopted to strengthen the local optimization ability and calculation speed,and restrain the algorithm from falling into the local optimal sequence.The experimental results show that the proposed TBGA gets better solutions in disassembly sequence planning with less than 25% time of other algorithms.(4)The visual simulation method of typical equipment system under various operating conditions is studied.Based on the dynamic simulation model of the system and the finite state machine model,the three-dimensional visual simulation method of the multi condition operation of the hydropower equipment system is proposed.The general dynamic simulation model structure is studied,and the synthesis of normal operation,task execution,human operation,equipment failure and other working conditions is realized.Through the example modeling of the control oil system of the water inlet valve,the visual dynamic simulation of the normal operation of the system,the opening and closing of the water inlet valve,the manual start and stop of the equipment,the decline of the efficiency of the pump and the leakage of the oil circuit are realized in the virtual environment.The effectiveness of the proposed visual simulation method is verified.(5)The application practice of virtual maintenance of equipment for hydropower station is carried out.The structure,function and data organization of virtual maintenance system for hydropower station equipment are designed.Through the study of basic knowledge of equipment maintenance,interactive training of maintenance skills,three-dimensional visual maintenance operation guidance and the application practice of assessment and evaluation of personnel maintenance knowledge,the feasibility and practicability of this research is verified. |
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