The Relationship Between Urban Built Environment And Residents' Energy Consumption From The Perspective Of Space-Time Behavior

With the core goal of urban development shifts from spatial expansion to the improvement of residents' quality of life,and rapid urbanization leads to increased energy consumption,the formation mechanism,influencing factors of living energy consumption and its relationship with the built environment have gradually become research hotspots in the field of urban planning.Fully understanding the mechanism and characteristics of the impact of the built environment on living energy consumption,and actively playing the role of the built environment in reducing living energy consumption is meaningful to building a low-carbon city.However,there are research gaps about the impact of built environment on living energy consumption.Firstly,there are many factors can affect the living energy consumption,but existing researches are not comprehensive enough when considering influencing factors.Secondly,the pathways,direction and magnitude of the effects of built environment on energy consumption are disputed in current literature,especially the impact of building density on residential energy consumption is still controversial.Thirdly,existing research lacks an evaluation indicator system for the impact of built environment on living energy consumption,and there are no ranking of the impact of various elements of the built environment on energy consumption.Fourthly,most of the studies are confined to European and American cities.The main concern is the low-density and flattened built environment.However,the characteristics of the built environment of Chinese cities are significantly different from those of foreign cities.It is unclear whether the foreign research results are applicable to Chinese cities.In view of this,from the perspective of space-time behavior,based on the theory of time-geography,this paper sets up a theoretical framework for studying the impact of built environment on living energy consumption.Based on the theoretical basis of econometrics,this paper has established the living energy consumption model,which includes built environment,family socioeconomic characteristics,personal lifestyles and energy saving attitudes.Taking Ningbo as an example,based on 9 community samples,598 residential samples,22112 transportation travel samples,and research data obtained from household surveys.Firstly,the multi-linear regression method is used to systematically analyze the impact of the built environment on living energy consumption from multiple dimensions.By translating the quantitative analysis results to regular features,the study systematically reveals the effect of the built environment on living energy consumption,and proposed the characteristics of the impact of the built environment on living energy consumption.Secondly,from the perspective of controlling living energy consumption,the research uses the method of combining AHP and linear regression to evaluate the impact of various elements of the built environment on living energy consumption.Finally,the research deduces the quantitative analysis results to the planning guidance,and realizes the planning application of the quantitative results.The findings of this study that differ from previous studies include: Firstly,the impact of built environment on residential energy consumption in different climates is different.For Ningbo city in hot summer and cold winter area,building density has a significant positive correlation effect on residential energy consumption,and the floor area ratio has a significant negative correlation effect.Secondly,compared with cities in Europe and the United States,whether the house has the shade of trees or close to the water environment has no significant impact on energy consumption.Thirdly,the energy consumption of high-intensity unit houses is more susceptible to microenvironments such as heat island effects and solar radiation.Fourthly,although the density of road intersections has a significant negative correlation effect on commuting energy consumption,it has a significant positive correlation effect on energy consumption of high energy consumption mode travel.Fifthly,the mixed land use has a relatively large impact on the energy consumption of transportation in Ningbo,while the road intersection density has a relatively large impact on the energy consumption of transportation in Europe and the United States.Sixthly,the commuting energy consumption is more susceptible to the impact of the built environment.Seventhly,the energy consumption of high energy consumption mode travel such as driving is more sensitive to the built environment.Eighthly,the order of influence of various variables of the built environment on living energy consumption from high to low is: land mixed use and distance from the work place,residential type,building orientation,residential area,building density and floor area ratio,service facility accessibility,road intersection density,population density.According to the research,the planning of built environment under the guidance of controlling living energy consumption should be based on urban ecology,and proposed residential building planning and layout guidance from the perspective of optimizing indoor and outdoor micro-environments,proposed land mixed use guidance from the perspective of improving destination accessibility,proposed road design guidance from the perspective of promoting low-carbon travel.Therefore,the research focuses on the three aspects of residential building planning and layout,land mixed use and road design.Aiming at the blank and relatively lagging content in Ningbo's planning and design code,the research explores the relatively energy-efficient“household-unit-single building-space layout” with the help of simulation analysis,and explores the mixing proportion and layout of different functional land at the community level,the block level and the building level by comparing different schemes,and through recursive calculations,the study proposes optimization suggestions from the aspects of road network density and road intersection density of residential and commercial areas,main road intersection design and residential area traffic microcirculation.