Research On The Economic Effect Of High-speed Rail Layout

For China,the construction of high-speed rail is constantly advancing,and the compression of space-time distance that it brings can promote the economic and social development of a country on multiple spatial scales.The essence of studying the economic effect of high-speed rail layout is exploring whether the high-speed rail can promote the growth of urban economy and the coordinated development of regional economy through the spatial selection and setting of high-speed rail stations and lines based on the analysis of the economic impact mechanism of high-speed rail.Based on the theory of economic development and location,the paper describes and reveals the action mechanism of high-speed rail on economy,realizes the optimization of high-speed rail layout by using immune algorithm,and constructs a spatial econometric model including accessibility spatial weight matrix to explore the economic effects of different high-speed rail layout.The paper mainly completed the following research work and innovation:Firstly,the theoretical analysis framework between high-speed rail and urban and regional economy is reconstructed from multiple perspectives to provide the analysis of high-speed rail distribution economic effect a theoretical basis.According to the definition and research content of economic effect of high-speed rail layout,the highspeed rail,accessibility and economy are put into one analysis framework,which integrates the complex relationship between high-speed rail and economy.At the same time,the impact of high-speed rail on urban economy and regional economy is linked together.Based on the perspective of labor force,industrial agglomeration and regional income,the theoretical analysis framework of high-speed rail impact on economy is reconstructed with considering both the change in the labor force and industry quantity,and other impacts brought by the change,such as the impact on consumption economy,on urban and regional income,etc.The work is the supplement and expansion of the existing analysis framework and research object.Secondly,by constructing a theoretical model that includes high-speed rail factor to derive the economic mechanism of high-speed rail,which further empirically describes and reveals the mechanism of high-speed rail on the economy more comprehensively.Under the assumption of market equilibrium,the paper associates high-speed rail with the improvement of accessibility.Taking urban economy and regional economy as the research objects,a theoretical analysis that includes high-speed rail factor is built from the perspective of labor,industrial agglomeration,and regional income.This model comprehensively describes the impact of high-speed rail on the economy and the ways in which they affect the economy,including the impact of high-speed rail on the urban labor population,consumer demand,and urban income from the perspective of labor,and the impact of high-speed rail on industrial agglomeration,the number of enterprises,and the urban income from the perspective of industrial agglomeration,and the impact of highspeed rail on regional income.Meanwhile,the analysis of decision-making behaviors of economic entities,such as the consumption behavior of laborers,is added to the theoretical model,which makes the model more realistic and more instructive.Thirdly,the introduction of immune algorithm to study the optimization of highspeed rail layout,which can realize the optimization of high-speed rail layout,and provides a comparison plan for the subsequent comparison of the economic effects of the high-speed rail layout.The paper presents the criteria for the optimization of high-speed rail layout.Taking into account the algorithmic superiority and the applicability of the research problem,the immune algorithm is introduced to study the optimization of the high-speed railway layout: taking the minimum sum of passenger transport demand of each city and the distance between the cities as the objective function,and taking the satisfaction of passenger transport demand and the rationality and balance of the highspeed rail layout as the constraints.On the basis of satisfying the constraint conditions,taking the high-speed rail layout plan to the extent to which the objective function can be judged as the criterion to select and eliminate the railway layout plans,until a high-speed rail layout is produced that maximizes the objective function.Based on the central region data,the optimization of the high-speed rail layout is realized.Moreover,the paper clarifies the rationality of the optimized high-speed rail layout from three aspects: the balance of the layout,the resolution of passenger transport needs,and the improvement of accessibilityFourthly,a spatial econometric model with accessibility spatial weight matrix is constructed to study the economic effect of high-speed rail layout.The paper designs a spatial weight matrix based on accessibility to reflect the intensity and change of spatial economic relationship between cities and regions before and after the optimization of high-speed rail layout.Based on this,a dynamic spatial Durbin model including spatial weight matrix is constructed to estimate the direct effect and the spillover effect of highspeed rail layout.At the same time,by adding the lag term of the explained variables into the model,the direct and indirect economic effects of the high-speed rail layout are analyzed from the overall,short-term and long-term three aspects.Based on the above research,four conclusions are as follows:(1)The economic effects of the layout of high-speed rail include the promotion of the urban economy and the promotion of the coordinated development of the regional economy.It can deepen the economy between cities and regions through the spatial selection and arrangement of high-speed rail stations and lines.It can play a role in promoting the economy with promoting the interaction between economic entities;(2)High-speed rail can promote urban economic growth and the coordinated development of regional economies by improving the accessibility of cities and regions,which is the key to high-speed railways' economic effects;(3)The irrationality of the current high-speed rail layout still exists,and its economic effects are also insufficient.Compared with the current high-speed railway layout,the optimized high-speed railway layout is more reasonable and brings greater economic effects;(4)The number and distribution density of high-speed rail stations are not directly proportional to the the economic effect of high-speed rail layout,that is,it is not that the more the number of high-speed rail stations is,the greater the promotion effect of highspeed rail stations on economy.