| The intensification of global ecological and environmental problems has marked the coordinated development of the relationship with the natural environment has entered a rapid development phase.Urban forest construction is a meaningful way to realize the construction of ecological civilization.This paper's ultimate goal is to realize the synergistic growth of urban and rural spaces through the scientific planning and regulation of urban forest resources.Zhengzhou is an important national center city in central China.Its urban spatial pattern and economic development are crucial to the rise of the Central Plains region.How to coordinate ecological-production-living space to continue to grow efficiently in megacities is a scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently.This paper takes Zhengzhou city as the research area and urban and rural forest resources as the research objects.Using morphological spatial pattern analysis techniques,we will review the synergy between forest space and urban space in the rapid urbanization process in the past 30 years from spatial-temporal change.To explore the reasonable policy and methodology of forest planning and provide a scientific basis for future Zhengzhou urban forest planning and the coordinated growth of urban and rural landscape space.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)Mapping the urban forest resources of ZhengzhouIn this paper,We take GF-2 satellite image(resolution 0.09)in March 2018 as the primary source of interpretation information,combined with Google Earth historical images of the same period,remote sensing classification based on neural network model can well solve such problems as the uncertainty of complex boundaries and mixed pixel resolution.ERDAS software was used to finish the accuracy assessment,and We used the 2016 forest land change database of Zhengzhou City and the field survey results as reference data.Finally,it generates a city-wide urban forest landscape distribution map under ArcMap and derives the spatial attribute data of the landscape elements.We also obtained forest category,forest species,age group,canopy closure,and shrub coverage.The forest species in the study area were divided into four major categories and 21 subcategories.Among them,water-conserving forests and economic forests are the main forest species of the city's forest resources.Then the shelterbelt and fruit trees are the second popular type.Most of the study area forests are dominated by mid Successional and Early Successional,with 53.39%and 29.19%.The upper of the Songshan Mountain and Yellow river has a rich structure,including early,middle,near-mature,and mature age groups.The Late Successional are mainly distributed in the northeast.The distribution results of the plant leaf area index show that the three-dimensional green quantity per unit area of the study area is gradually decreasing from the southwest to the central built-up area.Among them,the index of the Songshan Mountain area is the highest.(2)Reveal the synergy between urban space growth and the forest space declineInterpretation and classification of Landsat TM images in the study area from 1992 to 2019 based on 3S technology,using ArcGIS,ENVI,MSPA,and other technologies to quantify the growth and decline of the trend,speed,spatial transfer of Zhengzhou urban forest in the past 30 years.The results show that impervious ground increased from 4.74%in 1992 to 28.78%in 2018;the permanent population increased from 5.7 million to 10.14 million,and the urban population density increased significantly(from 767 people per square kilometer in 1992 to 2018 1361 persons/km2);the area of forest land has changed drastically,from 41.88%in 1992 to 14.06%in 2000,and it recovered and increased to 32.42%in 2018.The study area's expansion gradually consumed arable land and forests,forming denser impervious surfaces,more continuous urban fabric,and discontinuous villages in the Songshan mountain lowland.In the Guido work environment,the core patches(Cp)decreased from 24.43%(1992)to 10.4%(2018),and the island patches(Ip)decreased from 13.37%(1992)increased to 33.33%(2018).Most of the core areas were transformed into islands and other shapes,indicating that the forest structure was gradually divided or transformed into smaller fragments.Combining the changes in population density and urban expansion in the rapid urbanization process of Zhengzhou,the compilation of relevant national,regional,and local planning policies,the result of SPSS correlation analysis indicated that the implementation of planning policies is the primary influence on the evolution of forest space.For example,the rapid growth of forest share in 2009-2013 was mainly due to the integration of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng in 2009,the construction of the airport comprehensive free trade zone in 2012,and the construction of national garden cities,forest eco-towns,and national central cities.The government's decision-making mechanism is the main driving force for the ebb and flow of urban and rural space.At present,the proportion of urban ecological-production-living spaces has become more coordinated,and the future needs to change from quantity growth to quality growth.(3)Exploring the regulation mechanism of forest ecosystems on urban spaceSince the reform and opening up,the city's size has increased from 71km2 in 1960 to 7511km2 in 2020,and the population had increased from 673,000 in 1958 to 10.352 million in 2019.Based on the characteristics of high-speed,high-intensity,high-density,high-altitude,and large-scale urban space development,as well as the requirements of flexible efficient territorial planning,the regulation mechanism of forest space includes three strategies:optimization pattern,adjustment process,and enhancement function.On the one hand,to build a new spatial pattern of human-land harmony from the city and the central city scales;Second,improve the rigid and elastic governance and transmission system based on the national level and the municipal level.The third is to combine the shaping of the city's "ecology,form,culture and mentality" to improve its functions and finally realize the organic integration from wilderness to built environment.(4)Planning zhengzhou urban forest landscape spatial structure blueprintBased on Carl Steinitz's planning theory,according to six theoretical orientation modes:representation,process,evaluation,change,impact,and decision,The spatial structure patterns of urban forest landscapes at different scales were constructed by combining the methods of forest vegetation classification,landscape mapping,ecological service evaluation,and landscape structure transformation analysis.That is,(a belt and a circle,six wedges,multiple parks)and the city's multinode radial outreach structural model.The city scale is to focus on forest ecosystem construction and ecological restoration,protect high-quality forest patches,and make reasonable control of the total ecological space scale.In the central city,we aim to optimize ecological space and enhance ecological benefits,and we take the Yellow River ecological corridor as the focus of planning.We plan six wedge-shaped green complexes and oxygen source green space ventilation corridors according to the central city's topography,surface temperature,and dominant wind direction to improve the urban microclimate.Relying on the environmental landscape,protected areas,and urban parks within the central city,we integrate urban forest landscapes that are utilized as much as possible to shape the spatial characteristics of the city.(5)Restoration and reconstruction of degraded forest ecosy stemsEcosystem restoration and reconstruction is currently a hot spot of concern in the field of ecology,and it is also one of the critical tasks in urban forest landscape planning.Based on the morphological structure theory,we analyze the fragmentation of forest landscape structure from 1992 to 2017.Explore the vegetation restoration of intact(interior)patches/dominant patches/transitional patches/patchy(rare)patches/mining and vacant lots through the variation and prediction model to find the ways and critical measures for forest landscape restoration and reconstruction. |
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