Research On The Performance And Influencing Factors Of Forest Tenure Reform In China

With the deepening of globalization,green development has become the basic consensus of human society.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party points out that,development is the basis and key to solve all problems in China,and we must unswervingly perform the concept of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing and take the path of eco-friendly development.Forestry have been the major driving force of green development.As the foundation to advance sustainable development of forestry in China,the forestry system takes forest tenure as its core.After previous reforms,the clearer and more reasonable forest tenure has been playing an increasingly positive role in identifying the boundaries of each subject's rights,unlocking the potential of forestry management,expanding the revenues of forestry operators,maintaining the sustainable utilization of forest resources,as well as maximizing the comprehensive functions of forestry in economy,ecology and society.However,the reforms have not made full use of the functions of forest tenure,which still demands to be improved for the sake of reaching all-round goals.Since it is an overall evaluation on its basic effectiveness after various reforms,whether the forest tenure has been modified needs to be assessed by the performance.Therefore,this study,based on the evaluation on its reform performance and influencing factors,aims to take targeted strategies to improve the existing forest tenure and its reform performance.This study takes the performance of the forest tenure reform in our country as the object.By focusing on the development history and current situation of China's forest tenure,the performance of the existing forest tenure reform and its influencing factors,it aims to further improve the performance of China's forest tenure reform.In the research on the development process of forest tenure,the motivation,characteristics and trend of the development of forest tenure are clarified,and on this basis,the current situation of forest tenure is analyzed to clarify the objectives,main body composition,division of rights and responsibilities and the implementation of the system.On the part of performance evaluation of forest tenure reform,first to build the performance evaluation index system of the forest tenure reform,the second using grey relation analysis based on entropy weight to evaluate the performance of the existing forest tenure reform in our country,and to clarify the overall performance of forest tenure reform and the performance of state-owned and collective forest tenure reform.On the basis of the performance evaluation conclusion of the forest tenure reform above mentioned,exploring the formation of the influence factors of the above conclusion,and using the method of the analytic hierarchy process and utility value,correlation analysis,DEA,Malmquist and other method for further analyzing the influence factors,clarifying forest tenure reform in China is yet to be improved,and targeting to put forward some countermeasures to improve the performance of forest tenure reform in our country are suggested.First of all,the development history and the status quo of China's forest tenure are studied.In China,its development has gone through three stages,namely,germination,exploration and improvement.Taking the government-led participation in forestry management as the major pattern,the scarcity of forest resources and the forest tenure adaptation to external environment and satisfaction of subjects' interests,have ensured the increasingly clear division of forest ownership,the harmonious benefit-based relationships among all parties,and the gradually diversified evaluation standards of reform performance.At the present stage,the goals of forest tenure in China are to improve its comprehensive functions in economy,ecology and society,and to create a win-win situation among the state,the collective and the forestry operators.The enthusiasm of all subjects is stimulated by the rational distribution of forest tenure,and the implementation of forest tenure is secured by the exercise and protection of their rights,thus promoting the reform performance.Secondly,the reform performance of forest tenure in our country is evaluated.In this paper,a performance evaluation index system of forest tenure is established from the aspects of economy,ecology and society,which is used to evaluate its reform performance.Since the reform,the performance of existing forest tenure has improved significantly,and the fact has proved that the collective forest tenure is superior to the state-owned one.However,there is still plenty of room for the improvement in reform performance of both state-owned and collective forest tenure,which are slightly different in their economic,ecological and social performance.The reform of forest tenure has inspired the development of primary and tertiary industries of forestry and integrated their internal structures,hoping to optimize the forestry industrial structure as a whole.The operators of forestry has significantly increased their incomes due to the interests obtained from industrial management.In view of the above reason,the economic performance of both state-owned and collective forest tenure has increased dramatically,and the latter is slightly dominant with a slim advantage.Although the importance attached to ecological functions has enhanced the subjects' awareness and action to forestation and ecological protection,the state-owned forest tenure pays more attention to forest management and protection,while the other rushes for quantity.Therefore,the ecological performance of these two kinds of forest tenure shows a fluctuating upward trend,where the collective forest tenure is in the lead.The social performance of state-owned forest tenure goes downward after significant improvement,while the collective forest tenure shows a fluctuating upward trend basically,however,as for the overall performance,the former is slightly higher than that of the latter.It indicates that with the deepening of the reform,the social performance of collective forest tenure is increasingly obvious,and the other's positive influence on our society falls into a decline under the restriction of thoroughness of reform.Based on the results of performance evaluation on China's forest tenure reform,the influencing factors of reform performance are explored.The clarity in definition of forest tenure,the investment of essential productive factors and the climate for regional development are the elements that influence the improvement of reform performance and lead to the differences in reform performance of state-owned and collective forest tenure reform.The clarity of forest tenure is positively correlated to the improvement of its performance,which has deeply affected subjects' initiative,confidence and incomes,awareness of ecological protection,and exercise of management function.After the reform,compared with that of the collective forest tenure,the definition of state-owned forest tenure is fuzzier with more limitations,resulting in a relatively lower range of improvement.The sufficient and reasonable investment of essential productive factors is more conductive to improving reform performance.When implementing forest tenure,the positive effects of capital input on performance is obviously more than that of labor and technology.The state-owned forest tenure deficiency in technical innovation and the imbalance between technical progress and technical efficiency of collective forest tenure,have brought about the gaps in reform performance.The more sufficient support of regional development for the implementation of forest tenure,the more obvious its improvement in performance will be.Compared with those in representative provinces of collective forest tenure,the provinces advocating state-owned forest tenure are at a disadvantage in regional economy,government affairs and legal environment,which hinders the implementation of the latter after various reforms and further lowers its reform performance.According to the micro,middle-end and macro impacts of clarity in definition,investment of essential productive factors and climate for regional development on the reform performance of China's forest tenure,the improvement strategies and their comprehensive applications are put forward from the perspectives of clarifying the definition,improving the investment of essential productive factors and optimizing climate for regional development.Thus,the performance is further boosted and a win-win situation is created.