The Ming Dynasty Wenbu School Of Kidney Life Theory And Its Research On The Inheritance And Development Of "The Yellow Emperor's Classic Of Internal Medicine"

ObjectiveTo discuss the core compositions,basic framework and clinical application of kidney-life gate theory of the warming and supplementing school in Ming Dynasty;To discuss the inheritance and development of the kidney-life gate theory of the warming and supplementing school in the Ming dynasty to Huangdi Neijing and the guiding role of the theory of kidney-life gate theory in modern Chinese medicine clinic;Combining knowledge graph,qualitative and quantitative research for ancient books study to provide a new idea for modern literature research.MethodsThis study combines knowledge graph with qualitative and quantitative research methods.For the research of Sun Yikui,Zhao Xianke and Zhang Jiebing,the knowledge graph of kidney-life theory is constructed.For the analysis of knowledge graph,its core compositions are determined by node degree,BC metrics,and artificial determination.Besides,this study introduces the grounded theory and data mining.Finally,the factors influencing the formation and development of kidney-life gate theory are discussed via philosophy and medicine aspects,and the inheritance and development of kidney-life gate theory to Huangdi Neijing of the warming and supplementing school in Ming dynasty is studied.Based on the data mining and grounded theory,this study analyzes the characteristics of the treatment of Lumbago in the medical cases of prestigious Chinese physicians and explores the application of the theory of kidney-life gate of the warming and supplementing school in Ming dynasty in modern clinical.The main data mining algorithms involved in each section are detailed as follows.Sun Yikui:Improved association rules,K-Means clustering,and PCA dimension reduction Zhao Xianke:Improved association rules,XGBoost Zhang Jiebin:neural network,Bayesian belief network prestigious Chinese physicians:Improved related rulesResults1 The core components of Sun Yikui's kidney-life theory include Yuan Qi,the life gate,the Original Qi,the triple energizer,Zhen Qi,Dong Qi and kidney.The Original Qi is similar to the Dong Qi,which is the life gate of the human body.The life gate is located between the two kidneys,and is connected to the kidney.The Original Qi and the grain qi constitute Yuan Qi together,and take the triple energizer as the channel to make the control of the body.In the clinical application of the theory of kidney-life gate theory,Sun Yikui's clinical differentiation also starts with vitality.He believed that excessive work and rest,diseases,insufficient spleen and stomach,excessive desire,abuse of bitter and cold drugs and evil attack are the main causes of insufficient Yuan Qi,and he discussed the symptoms of deficiency of Yuan Qi from six aspects:deficiency of nutrient qi and defensive qi,abnormal viscera,abnormal meridians and collaterals,abnormal mind and abnormal triple energizer.In terms of treatment,in addition to abstinence from extravagance and daily recuperation,Sun Yikui also recovered the lack of Yuan Qi through herbs and prescriptions.Regarding Sun Yikui's prescription meditation experience,this study includes 108 prescriptions,the most common dosage form is decoction;There are 19 drugs in common use,and 18 medicine suits in common use,mainly warm drugs and sweet drugs.In terms of drug dosage,the dosage of core drugs such as ginseng,tuckahoe,white atractylodes rhizome,astragalus and angelica varies quite greatly,but the overall dosage is on the low side.2 The core components of Zhao Xianke's kidney-life gate theory include the life gate,water of the life gate,fire of the life gate,Zhen Yin,Zhen Water,Yuan Essence,the triple energizer,Xiang Fire,Zhen Fire,Zhen Yang,Yuan Qi,kidney yin,kidney yang and kidney.The life gate,which is similar to the Zhen jun and Tai Ji,is located between the two kidneys,and its nature is fire.The life gate takes the triple energizer as the channel to dominate the zang-fu.The water and fire of the life gate are innate,they locate in the two kidneys,the two are interdependent,mutually promoting and mutually restricted.Xiang Fire and Zhen Yin are the congenital water and fire under water and fire of the life gate,Xiang Fire is the product of fire of the life gate,which is consigned to the triple energizer,and is governed by the fire of the life gate.Zhen Yin is the water of the life gate,and governed by water of the life gate.In terms of the clinical application of kidney-life gate theory,Zhao Xianke believed that the fundamental reason for the lack of water and fire of the life gate lies in the excessive desire,and discusses the performance and treatment of the lack of water and fire of the life gate.On the performance of the failure of fire of the life gate.Zhao Xianke discussed from seven aspect:the deficiency of Yuan Qi,The fire of the life gate does not return to its source,water imbalance,abnormal Chong channel and Ren channel,yang deficiency of spleen and stomach,Shenguang deficiency and Zhen Water deficiency.Zhao Xianke treated the failure of fire of the life gate with eight-ingredients pill.On the performance of loss of water of the life gate,Zhao Xianke discussed from four aspects:abnormal Chong channel and Ren channel,kidney Yin deficiency and Xiang Fire displacement.Zhao Xianke treated loss of water of the life gate with six-ingredients pill.As for Zhao Xianke 's prescription medication experience,a total of 77 relevant prescriptions are included in this study.The main treatment of Zhao Xianke's prescription is reflected in the addition and reduction application of six-ingredients pill and eight-ingredients pill.The aconite,prepared rehmannia root,peony,cinnamon,tangerine peel and ginseng make great contributions to prescriptions which tonify water and fire of the life gate.3 The core components of Zhang Jiebin's kidney-life gate theory include the life gate,Yuan Qi,Yuan Essence,Yuan Yang,water of the life gate,Zhen Yin,Zhen Qi,the fire of the life gate,Yuan Yin,kidney,Zhen Water,Zhen Yang and Zhen Essence.The water and fire of the life gate is contained in the life gate,which belongs to the category of innate essence and qi.The life gate is uterus in the human body,and possesses the properties of fire and water.The life gate is an intermediate link,which abstracts the metaphysical Zhen Yin and forms water and fire of the life gate.Zhen Yin hides in the life gate,which determines the function of the life gate.Excessive desire,Qi and blood disorders,evil qi invasion and unreasonable treatment can lead to Zhen Yin abnormal;the life gate locates between the two kidneys,and is interlinked with kidney,so adjusting the life gate can adjust kidney yin and kidney yang,and the supplement kidney yin and kidney yang can recover water and fire of the life gate in turn.The clinical application of Zhang Jiebin's kidney-life gate theory is centered on the Zhen Yin and the water and fire of the life gate,and the relevant content of the Zhen Yin can be classified as the water and fire of the life gate.Zhang Jiebin believed that excessive desire,external evil invasion,unreasonable treatment methods and kidney yin deficiency will affect the water of life gate,congenital deficiency,exogenous evil,life gate water excessive and improper care after birth can affect the fire of life gate.As for the cure methods,Zhang Jiebin recovered the water and fire of the life gate not only through the elimination of extravagance,moxibustion and other governance methods,but also created a new recipe to cultivate and recover the Zhen Yin and the life gate.Regarding to the Zhang Jiebing's prescription experience,this study includes 95 prescriptions to supplement the water of the life gate,152 prescriptions to supplement the fire of the life gate,and 29 prescriptions to supplement Zhen Yin.Zhang Jiebin used 24 drugs to replenish the water of life gate frequently,forming 21 water Markov blankets for replenishing the life gate and 22 fire Markov blankets for replenishing the fire of the life gate.The prescriptions to supplement the water of the life gate is mainly composed of plain drugs and sweet drugs and the prescriptions to supplement the fire of the life gate is mainly composed of warm drugs and hot drugs.4 A total of 284 prescriptions of prestigious Chinese physicians for Lumbago are included,involving cases of 7 prestigious Chinese physicians for Lumbago.These prescriptions treated 18 diseases,involving a total of 39 commonly used drugs,mainly mild and sweet drugs.There are 49 commonly used drug pairs,which are encoded in a grounded theory manner,forming 5 subcategories and 2 categories.Conclusion1 Organizing the relevant contents of kidney-life gate theory in the form of knowledge graph,and analyzing the professional knowledge contained in the knowledge graph,we can obtain conclusions similar to the traditional literature research methods.In the data processing of symptoms and prescriptions nodes,the nodes are analyzed by data mining and grounded theory,and the result's reliability and validity is very considerable.Therefore,it is feasible to store and process the data of ancient Chinese medicine books in the form of knowledge graph.2 Sun Yikui absorbed the idea of "Qiyiyuan theory".and based on the connected content in theory of viscera in Huangdi Neijing,Taoism,and Yijing to define the theory of the life gate,and connecte the life gate with the kidney by 'Essence Qi theory'.The life gate takes the triple energizer as the channel to develop the management control to the body,in this way the life gate-triple energizer dominating watercourse system and the life gate-triple energizer dominating gasification system are constructed.Based on "Qiyiyuan theory" and "Liyi Fenshu",the Yuan Qi-Original Qi(Dong Qi)system is constructed.In terms of clinical application of Yuan Qi,Sun Yikui constructed the etiology and pathogenesis and determined the treatment and guide regimen with the related theories of Huangdi Neijing and Confucianism.His ideas of prescription can be roughly divided into five aspects:warming the spleen and promoting the transport,tonifying with warming,tonifying with elevating,warming the spleen and the kidney and conditioning nutrient qi and defensive qi together.3 Zhao Xianke defined the life gate from the perspectives of Huangdi Neijing,Taoism and Yi Jing,and took the theory of Yin and Yang as the guide to define the content of water and fire in the life gate,Zhen Yin and Xiang Fire.At the same time,Zhao Xianke took the triple energizer to build life gate-the triple energizer system for metabolism of body fluid,life gate fire-the triple energizer system for yangqi running,life gate water-the triple energizer system for shenshui running.In the clinical application of kidney-life gate theory,eight-ingredients pill is used to treat the diseases caused by the failure of fire of the life gate.The life gate fire is tonified by warming and tonifying the life gate,tonifying the kidney to tonify the spleen,the spleen and the kidney double fill;six-ingredients pill is used to treat the diseases caused by the failure of water of the life gate.The life gate water is tonified by moistening and tonifying the life gate,nourishing yin to lessen fire,conducting the fire back to its origin,the liver and the kidney double fill,the spleen and the kidney double fill.4 Zhang Jiebin defined Zhen Yin with Wu Ji and defined the life gate with viscera in Huangdi Neijing and the related concepts of philosophy.Guided by Tai Ji,Zhang Jiebin constructed the system of life gate-fire and water of life gate-Yin and Yang.At the same time,Zhang Jiebin constructed a innate-postnatal system of Zhen Yin-life gate-kidney,and defined the relationship between life gate and fire and water of life gate,Zhen Yin and life gate by the concepts of Tai Ji,Li Qi,Essence Qi and Tao qi.In the clinical application of the theory of kidney-life gate theory,Zhang Jiebin guided the understanding of etiology and pathogenesis by the theories of Huangdi Neijing,and guided the establishment of therapeutic principles and methods based on them.Zhang Jiebin took "tonifying method" as the core of his treatment of life gate.According to the degree of loss of Zrue Yin,he adopted the treatment method of tonifying Zrue Yin and tonifying Zhen Yin quickly.Based on the Yin and Yang properties of drugs,the prescription of tonifying water and fire of life gate can achieve the effect of transforming life gate water and fire by regulating the movement of Zhen Yin.At the same time,Zhang Jiebin took the theory of essence and qi as the breakthrough point,tonifying the water of life gate by restoring essence,and "seeking Yin in Yang" by tonifying qi.Besides,Zhang Jiebin Nourished qi to restore the fire of life gate,and "seeking Yang in Yin" by tonifying the essence.5 The warming and supplementing school in the Ming dynasty inherited the theory of Yin and Yang of Huangdi Neijing to determine the compositions and the relationship between the compositions of the kidney-life gate theory;They inherited the theory of visceral and by means of the relationship of the life gate and kidney to highlight the important position of the life gate;They took the triple energizer and the Xiang Fire as the medium to connect the life gate and the body.They inherited the thoughts of warming and supplementing in Huangdi Neijing to make it cooperate with the kidney-life gate theory.They inherited the theory of etiology and pathogenesis of Huangdi Neijing to guide syndrome differentiation and prescription.6 The most commonly used treatments for Lumbago by modern prestigious Chinese physicians are tonifying the kidney,tonifying the spleen,clearing dampness and heat,removing cold and dampness and promoting blood circulation.The thought that they took six-ingredients pill and eight-ingredients pill as the basic prescription to tonify the kidney,and the thought of spleen and kidney supplement is used in the treatment of lumbago treatment and acquires appreciable curative effect.