Labor, Eroticism, Nature And Art

In this dissertation, the author holds that the theme of Herbert Marcuse's thought is human liberation, which contains four main aspects:Labor, Eros, Nature and Art. According to the author, Marcuse's thought of human liberation should be examined as a whole object. Only through this view, we could clarify the internal context of this theory, and then initially reveal the essential difference of this thought from its academic origins of the "1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts".In the first chapter, the author will illustrate the issue of labor in the context of development after Marx, it not only includes Marcuse's view, but also contains other major Western Marxists'comprehensions, which believe that the theory of Marx's labor presupposed a potential mode of Morality-Praxis. However, the concept of intrinsic theory of tension and the liberate elements were gradually weakened and diluted. Nevertheless, Marcuse's interpretation of the labor concept is starting directly from the alienation of labor forced him to miss the critical division on the "negative aspects" and "positive aspects"of the labor concept in Marx's "Manuscript", which also determines that he could only have a humanitarian interpretation mode for "manuscript".In the second chapter, this dissertation would firstly discuss the philosophical premise of Marcuse's Eros liberation. The author would reveal the significance of the foundation element of psychology, and explain why he tracing the basis of the liberation under the base; Although Marcuse try to establish the principle of Eros and strengthen the social-historical dimension, but his historical idea of Eros is actually abstract, and it has a essentially different from Marx's sensibility-history; Finally, by examining and comparing the thought of Marcuse's Eros liberation and Marx's Labor liberation, the author wants to point out Marcuse's misreading of Marx's thought.In the third chapter, Firstly, the author wants to discuss Marcuse placed the crisis between human and natural on the human instinct, only through Eros liberation, Marcuse states that the liberation of human and nature could be possibly fulfilled; By analyzing and interpreting the liberation of nature only a means of liberation of human being, and the natural liberation only a field of people's liberation, the author would present it was Marcuse's misunderstanding on the new relationship between man and nature, which in manuscript of "object activity". Only under the "New Technology" as the author concludes, can human beings in harmony with nature be actually leaded to an aesthetic dimension.In the forth chapter, the author states that the purpose of Marcuse's critique on affirmative culture is to reestablish the art of revolutionary dimension, and indicates that there is a close relation between the aesthetic and revolutionary. The purpose and significance of artistic revolution is to eliminate the civilization of emotional repression. By establishing the emotional order, it could renewal the harmony of the non-repressive order of man and nature, subjectivity and objectivity, emotion and ration, and ultimately achieves the human liberation.Finally, the dissertation would indicate that Marcuse's thought of human liberation leads eventually toward the utopian in theory aspect, and the reality of revolutionary can only hope that the "great refusal" in practice field. It is essentially different from Marx'opinion in the "manuscript", which means only through transcendencing the private ownership to realize the human liberation. The paper holds that if only put hope of human freedom and liberation on abstract revolution of culture psychology, it could only be seen as a modern utopia.