| Life and dead is the most important event in one's life, human being is mortal, no body can refuse dead, that's why it becomes eternal topic in literature. China is a poetic country, when poets feel that they're going to died, their hearts are filling with all sorts of feeling, which induce them to write poems called 'death-bed poetry'. This dissertation studies' death-bed poetry' from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Song Dynasty, not only lists all of the death-bed poetry systematically in this period, but also analysis them deeply and comprehensively.This dissertation has six parts.The first part is introduction, in which I'll set up the definition of 'death-bed poetry', and the difference between'death-bed poetry' and 'last-breath poetry', and 'last-word poetry' and 'mourning poetry' and 'elegy', as well as their relationships. In this part, I also will introduce the study current stage of'death-bed poetry' in academic circles, and point out the maneuverability of my research from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Song Dynasty, and this dissertation's creativity.The second part of this dissertation is the Chapter One, in which I'll study the death-bed poetry in Pre-Qin Dynasty. Although there are not many death-bed poetry in this period, they are all excellent, I'll focus on the death-bed poetry of Confucius and Qu Yuan. There are two editions of Confucius's death-bed poetry, but they are similar both in pattern and character, from which we can understand Confucius's sense of historical mission, and analysis and criticize the statement of 'grieving of his death' about Confucius's death-bed poetry. And to Qu Yuan's death-bed poetry, firstly, make a judge about his death-bed poetry, and find out what he wanted to say in his death-bed poetry and the reason why he killed himself from the view point of Sublime in esthetics, in the end of this part, I'll talk about the meaning of Qu Yuan's death and the influence of his death-bed poetry.Chapter two is mainly about the death-bed poetry in Six Dynasty, which is the silver age of death-bed poetry, and this phenomenon relates to the social condition in Six Dynasty, there are many unnatural death in Six Dynasty because of social unrest. The death-bed poetry in Six Dynasty are sorrowful, which has concern to the waking up of life consciousness, the though of kismet in these death-bed poetry has its own historical origin.Chapter three is discusses the death-bed poetry in Tang Dynasty, which have unrecognized talents' groaning and sadness, and this feeling related to poets' strongly achievement desire in Tang Dynasty, and the prostitute's sorrow songs because of their humble social class and their tragic condition.Chapter four discusses the death-bed poetry in Song Dynasty, which is the peak period of death-bed poetry, the number are more than last dynasties, the popular politic tactics of useful talent living guarantee made many poets showed their loyalty to the government when war happened or governor had danger. And the monks wrote their death-bed poetry which has Chan message when they were going to die, this became a fashion tide in Song Dynasty and made many poets wrote death-bed poetry meaning Chan or loyalty.Chapter five generalize all of the death-bed poetry before from subject style, form traits and the way people surpass the fear of dead, the death-bed poetry has last-word style, retrospect style and grieving style and ambition-showing style and surpassing style and proverb style in all, and there are mainly two kinds of death-bed poetry, one is few sentence, the other is complete poem, some are blurt out in some special circumstance, and the other are wrote delicately, it depends on the time and poet's feeling. Dead is horrible, but ancient poets can surpass the fear of dead in some sense, because they understand the meaning of Confucianism, or Taoism or Buddhism. |
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