Xiaoshan Farmers Political Participation Research (1949-1978)

Xiaoshan County was liberated in May 1949.In order to successfully complete the tasks left behind by the Democratic revolution,stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers' political participation,constructed the political identity of the peasants to the new regime and the policies,The Communist Party of China carried out extensive and thorough educational and publicity activities.Through the winter schools,private schools,newspaper group,conference,an amateur troupe in rural areas,the farmer instilled national consciousness,national consciousness and morality and ideology advocated by the CPC.CPC obtained the farmers maximize the recognition of the Communist regime and policies and the farmer become the exponents and practitioner of policies of the Communist Party of China.In a strong education and mobilization,by Joined the Communist Party and the mass organizations,participated political rallies,the election of the early liberation and the political movements,etc,the farmers actively participated in politics.Farmers turned over,the party and the government have also won the loyalty of the farmers love,the state and rural society achieved a positive interaction.After the completion of the land reform,the country launched the agricultural cooperative movement,The state immediately launched a campaign of agricultural cooperation.This is another major change in the countryside.Before the mass transfer to the community,from the overall perspective,whether poor farmers or middle-income farmers have increased income,production and life have been improved,By joining the Communist Party of China,the mass organizations,mutual aid groups and cooperatives and other means,The peasants obeyed the arrangement of the national system,cooperated with and supported the policy of agricultural cooperation.With the advent of large-scale group transfer,especially agricultural cooperation,due to the lack of management experience,coercion,improper handling of the farmers' production materials,the unreasonable property right transfer,labor too tight,the lack of care for the needy and even combat,especially the income of the farmers to reduce or even survival crisis,farmers in Xiaoshan began to resist.Farmers cut down trees and killed livestock,beaten cadres,collective petition,large-scale withdrawal.A large number of farmers pulled out of the cooperatives.The state has made a series of adjustments to the agricultural policy In order to appease the discontent of the farmers.The same as the other parts of the country,Xiaoshan County adjusted and improved the democratic management system,the calculation of remuneration,production management system,and financial system.State and rural society entered into a period of mutual adjustment.The period of The Great Leap Forward and the People's Communization movement,through the highly attractive propaganda and policy pressure,the farmers had a great enthusiasm for communism.They participated in The Great Leap Forward and the People's Communization movement,the construction of public canteens,accumulation of fertilizer,mass production of steel,eliminating “four kinds of pests” and so on.But equalitarianism,wind of boasting and wrong command,especially the great famine combated the enthusiasm of farmers.In order to survive the farmers began to resist in their own way.Farmers promoted national policy to carry out a number of local adjustments.From the liberation of Xiaoshan in May 1949 to the reform and opening up in 1978,the rural society in Xiaoshan had experienced rapid changes: Party organizations at all levels and the establishment of the new people's political power,the formation of new rural authority,the reconstruction of social structure,land reform,cooperative movement,The Great Leap Forward and the People's Communization movement,etc.All the farmers who had been scattered far away from politics were involved in the political torrent.The state power and the ideology of the Communist Party of China infiltrated into every corner of the rural society.The obedience participation of the majority of farmers ensured the implementation of the national rural policy and implementation.Some of this obedience was because of the support,some of this was because of weakness and helplessness.During this period,although obedience is the mainstream of the political participation of farmers,the farmers were not defenseless in front of the powerful state power.In order to survive and develop,farmers resisted unreasonable institutional arrangements by measure of political participation in the form of explicit or implicit.Farmers drove the adjustment of national policy in a way.Farmers did not resist the state power,the socialist system and the leadership of the Communist Party of china,famers resistance was mainly specific rural policy and part of rural cadres,the main goal was to strive for more economic income.With the adjustment of rural policies of the party and government,especially after the reform and opening up,the household contract responsibility system was introduced,the farmers soon showed the support of the rural reform policy.Farmers also deeply felt the party's respect for farmers' wishes,and realized that there was no new policy in the countryside without party leadership and promotion.The state and the rural society entered a period of benign interaction again.