Research On The Peking Opera Market In The Early Years Of The Republic Of China

After the end of the feudal dynasty in 1912,the gentry took their wealth away from the countryside and concentrated in the city to avoid the war;The boundary between the gentry and the merchant was vague,forming a new gentry merchant class;Agriculture and handicraft industry tend to decline,and the small-scale peasant economy which combines farming with weaving collapses;State bureaucrat capitalism occupies a monopoly position in the national economy,and Chinese national capitalism develops hard.At the same time,the modernization of the city,the development of industry and Commerce and the gradual formation of the citizen class provide a hotbed for the prosperity of the entertainment industry.Peking opera art is no longer influenced by the Royal preference,but more purely goes to the market and relies on market operation to survive.Beijing opera has broken through the restriction of consumers and become one of the most popular entertainment activities.Based on the study of Beijing opera market in Beijing and Shanghai in the early years of the Republic of China,this paper analyzes the economic,social,cultural and patronage background of Beijing opera market in the climax period,and analyzes the composition and characteristics of market subjects,the characteristics and results of market-oriented operation,and the government's supervision.This paper analyzes the historical inevitability,contingency and non replicability of the prosperity of Beijing opera market,looking for the clues,reasons and laws of the decline hidden behind the prosperity.In addition to the introduction,the full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter discusses from two aspects of social and economic environment and cultural environment.The flow of Peking Opera actors in two different "regional spaces" of Beijing and Shanghai has shaped the integration and innovation of Peking opera performance program,and has also become the basis of the complex relationship network between Peking Opera Art and its patrons.The second chapter discusses the composition and characteristics of the main body of Beijing opera market from three aspects: troupe,opera garden and consumers.The third chapter discusses the social intermediary organizations which play the role of linking the main market bodies in the market from three aspects: the autonomous organization of Liyuan,the brokerage organization of Liyuan and the media platform.The fourth chapter discusses the characteristics of Beijing opera market operation from four aspects: the relationship between the hall performance and the commercial performance of the opera garden,the relationship between the price of the opera and Bao Yin,the cooperative relationship between the opera garden and the troupe,and the salary and expenditure level of the actors.The fifth chapter discusses the influence of Beijing opera market operation.The sixth chapter discusses the government's supervision of Beijing opera market.In a word,the Peking opera market in the early years of the Republic of China(1912-1927)continued the development trend since the Qing Dynasty after the changes of political structure,and went to prosperity.But in the process of development,there are also some clues of decline,which can be used for reference for the development of today's opera market and even the whole music performing art market.