Study On Education In Japan-occupied Region Of Shanxi Province During Anti-japanese War

In 1931,Japan invaded northeast China and then encroached on north China.On July7,1937,marked by the shelling of Wanping county and the Lugou Bridge Incident,Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China.Relying on its military superiority,Japan quickly occupied the southeast coast of China and a large territory in north,central and south China.Military occupation does not,however,fundamentally solid its colonial rule,the Japanese invaders in order to provide a solid rear base,the Japanese army set up puppet governments in the occupied areas to implement the "Rule China with Hua",and education in the occupied areas,as an important measure to strengthen the Japanese puppet government's rule.Completely different from the direct policy of slaughter and plunder,its fundamental purpose was to eliminate the national consciousness and concept of the Chinese people,replace China's excellent traditional culture with militaristic culture,and make China become a colony of the Japanese invaders forever.Generally speaking,there were three different forms of education in the occupied areas,namely,the enslaving education of the Japanese puppet government,the church education and the education of Japanese residence people.The so-called enslaving education is a kind of education promoted by the Japanese government on the basis of its colonial education experience in Taiwan,Korea and northeast China,in order to weaken the resistance will of the Chinese people and develop the "docile subjects".The establishment of its educational policy and the tampering of its teaching materials were all aimed at stabilizing its rule and weakening the Chinese people's willpower to fight against the Japanese army.From the essence of colonial education,it is the fundamental purpose of colonial education to cultivate obscurantist.However,since the Revolution of 1911,successive Chinese governments have actively promoted compulsory education,and the knowledge popularization rate of Chinese people has been greatly improved,especially in Shanxi Province.For this reason,the Japanese government also has a clear understanding:obscurantist education can not meet the needs of the rules of the occupied areas,it is very difficult to implement the enslaving education and adult education.If people can from the perspective of the children's education,after dozens of years of education which is likely to weaken and eliminate the Chinese people's will to resist.To this end,the Japanese puppet government actively set up primary schools to restore primary education,and Japanese religious organizations actively set up Japanese schools in the Japanese-occupied areas to recruit students and promote Japanese.Thus cultivating a large number of normal school students and vocational school students who could master Japanese,further strengthening the Japanese colonial rule over the occupied areas.Since modern times,missionaries followed the western powers' strong weapons and infiltrated into the mainland of China.Under the active efforts of missionaries,missionary schools also sprout and develop.Missionary schools became an important part of the education of modern China.After the outbreak of the all-out war of resistance,the Japanese army quickly occupied a large area of China with its military superiority.How to carry out colonial education in occupied areas? The Japanese government encouraged the establishment of Japanese language schools,falsified textbooks and revamped existing missionary schools.In the occupied areas of Shanxi,the policy of the Japanese puppet government on missionary schools evolved in two periods.First,before the Pacific war,according to the exclusive principle of colonialism,the Japanese government advised them to close down or accept reform of existing missionary schools and ordered them to run schools strictly in accordance with the Revised Regulations of Private Schools issued by the Nanjing National Government,so as to weaken the influence of western countries on education in the occupied areas as much as possible.Second,after the Outbreak of the Pacific War,the Japanese government restricted the development of German and Italian missionary schools.Anglo-American missionary schools were shut down.It is not hard to find that the Japanese government gradually realized its control over missionary schools in the occupied areas by this means.Resident education is a kind of education given by the Japanese government to its foreign immigrants.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression,the population of Japanese residents who poured into China with the Japanese invaders surged,which made the education of residents become a realistic need.In order to meet the needs of the "total force war",the Japanese government has revised the education system and contents for residents residing abroad and strengthened the military mobilization system.In order to make the children of Japanese settlers adapt to the environment of occupied Areas in Shanxi quickly,the Japanese schools increased the study tour in occupied areas and taught the knowledge of occupied areas,so as to cultivate "excellent" rulers for the long-term occupation of China.This makes the education of the seemingly isolated residents become an inseparable part of the education in the occupied areas.Among the above three kinds of education,resident schools are mainly engaged in the education of the children of Japanese residents,which involves a limited number of students and is a relatively closed education.Missionary schools were reformed or closed down by the Japanese puppet regime and had little influence on education in the occupied areas.Enslavement education is one of the three kinds of education,which covers the largest number of people and the government of Japanese puppet invested the most human and material resources.However,due to the unstable rule of the Japanese army,the implementation time of enslavement education varies,and it failed to cultivate a large number of "obedient people" required by Japanese colonial rule.