Research On The Construction Of Rural Political Power In The Liberated Area Of Northern Manchuria(1945-1949)

From a broad perspective of political power construction,the dissertation trying to figure out how the “two transformations” of the Chinese Communist Party in Area of Northern Manchuria can be realized: First,how the CPC could realize the transformation from the people's “Wait-and-see” attitude to the establishment of a solid base in a short period of time,and then realized the reversal of the war in Manchuria;The second is how the CPC could achieve decolonization and defeudalization in the Northeast rural areas in a short period of time,and then achieved changes of the nature of society.The important reason why the “two transformations” could be realized was that the CPC closely integrated ideological construction and benefit distribution,and through the construction of political organization,the people,especially the majority of middle-and lower-level farmers,received economic benefits while also accepted the ideology led by the CPC.That was,through the trinity political power construction of interest distribution and ideological construction and political organization construction,the people,especially the farmers who account for the majority of the population,accepted the legitimacy of the CPC.Specifically,in the liberated areas of Northern Manchuria,the CPC led farmers to establish political organizations such as peasant associations and selfdefense forces in the Anti-traitor Liquidation and land reform movement,and realized the redistribution of interests by fighting against traitors,bully landlords and bandits.While allowing farmers to obtain benefits,it realized the deconstruction of colonialism ideology and traditional Chinese feudal ideology,and gradually constructed a new ideology based on class division,“the poor led by the Communist Party of China are the masters of the country”.This“ideological construction as the main content,the distribution of interests as the breakthrough point and the main content,the construction of political organizations such as farmers associations as the means and channels” of the rural grassroots political power construction system,not only to achieve the CPC's efficient access to resources,but also laid a solid foundation for the legitimacy of the CPC's regime.In this dissertation,the liberated areas of Northern Manchuria rural political power construction is divided into five stages,namely Anti-traitor Liquidation stage,liquidation landredistribution stage,cooking “half-cooked rice” stage,the equal division of land movement stage,the party building and political organization building stage.Through the investigation of the interactive among the task force and the new political elite at the rural grass-roots level and the rural various class groups,the establishment and operation of grass-roots political organizations such as farmers' associations and party organizations,the imbalance and adjustment measures of political power construction,the dissertation deeply analyzes the situation of benefit distribution,ideological construction and political organization construction led by the Communist Party of China.The first chapter analyzes the general situation of rural politics,economy and ideology in the northern Manchuria region since modern times,as well as the transient “Political power vacuum”and the chaotic situation of rural politics after the victory of Counter-Japanese War.The policy of taking over the political power of the “Upper line”,the weak mass foundation and the blind “Orthodox concept”in the early days of the CPC entering the Manchuria made the masses take a “Wait-and-see”attitude.The second chapter analyzes how to establish the political trust of the peasants to the CPC.In the process of leading the campaign of suppressing bandits,Anti-traitor and liquidation,distributing the Mantuo-land and the Kaituo-land and reducing rent and interest rates,the CPC has enabled the peasants to obtain a more stable living environment and direct economic benefits,the aim of deconstructing the colonial ideology and the initial Class-enlightenment has been realized.This made farmers make positive psychological expectations of the CPC,changes farmers' political cognition,and makes them identify with the political value of the CPC in moral,rational and legal aspects.The third chapter analyzes the interaction of the task force,the activists and the peasant association and the construction of the new rural order.By taking the rural activists as the breakthrough point,the CPC land reform task force gradually caused the peasants and the landlords to “broke up openly” through activities such as fighting the evil landlords,distributing the gains of the struggle,and complaining about sufferings,and broke the dependence between the peasants and the landlords on the basis of the rural ethics,the traditional ideology began to disintegrate.In the process of organizing peasants struggling to turn over,the peasant association,as a substantial political power organization,has become a “Trinity” political power construction's carrier of ideology construction,benefit distribution and political power organization.The peasant armed organization,which was established at the same time as the peasant association,made the peasants break their fear of the landlords,became the important premise and foundation of the peasants daring to break up openly with the landlords,and became the armed guarantee of the construction of the rural political power.The fourth chapter analyzes the causes of “half-cooked rice”and the consolidation of rural political power construction through the cooking “half-cooked rice” campaign.The widespread occurrence of the phenomenon of “Half-cooked rice”fully proves the complexity and tortuosity of the construction of rural political power: the traditional ideology has deep mass foundation among the peasants;The peasant associations were controlled by the landlord cliques and the rural lumpen-proletariat;the gains of the struggle,such as the land and property distributed to the peasants,were not actually distributed to the peasants,or the peasants did not dare to take them,or embezzled by the cadres of the rogue peasant associations.Throughing the campaign of “Searching for the poor roots”and “Digging up the bad roots” has once again dealt a blow to the landlord class and cleared up the peasant associations,the peasants really got the gains of their struggle.However,due to over-emphasis on the “Let go” policy,over-emphasis on the interests to guide the struggle,resulting in an over-intensification of the phenomenon.The CPC adjusted by sorting out the peasant associations,controlling the scope of struggle and reflecting on the “Letting go policy”.The fifth chapter analyzes the establishment of “Poor peasants route”,the intensification of political power construction and the political power construction in the background of“Rectifying deviation”.Through the land-sharing movement,the landlord class in the economic and political suffered a severe blow,the traditional farmers to the landlord “Respect” “Fear”psychology has been completely reversed.However,due to the wrong “Hand-over support”and“Letting go” policies in the movement,the construction of rural political power once again appears such radical phenomena as striking too wide and mixing Lumpenproletariat into the ranks of cadres.Under the guidance of the Central Committee of the CPC,classes were reclassified in Northern Manchuria,and the peasant assembly and its committees were replaced by the villagers assembly and its committees.The sixth chapter analyzes the party building and the legalization of the procedure of political power.With the victory of the war and the end of the land reform movement,on the basis of propaganda and education for the people,the construction of party organizations and the development of party members of the CPC in Beiman area also began to be open and normalized,further consolidated the Chinese Communist Party in the rural political power construction leading role.After entering the stage of development and construction,the CPC has achieved political training for the people through the procedures of publicity and education,determination of citizens' rights,organization of elections,convening of People's Congresses,etc.,so that the people and the CPC reached a “Procedural consensus” on the building of political power.Through the above investigation,it is proved that the realization of the “two transformations” is precisely through the trinity political power construction made the CPC obtain the political trust of farmers,thus laid the legitimacy foundation of the Communist Party of China ' s political power,and enabled farmers to reach a “ procedural consensus ” on political power construction through the political organization building movement,moving towards the road of construction and development.