| At present,in the context of accelerating the modernization of education,China has put the revitalization of Teacher Education in an important strategic position.At the same time,in line with the development trend of international teacher education practice orientation,China has issued a special policy to strengthen the education practicum of normal students.However,the long-standing problems of normal students' educational practicum course have not been fundamentally solved in practice,and it is difficult to break through the traditional mode.Why does this happen? Does this dilemma exist in modern history? What explorations did the sages of normal education make? What is the internal law and external development logic of educational practicum in modern history?The historical inquiry helps us to deepen our understanding of the current normal students' educational practicum and obtain the enlightenment of problem solving ideas.Ancient Chinese teachers did not go through a special training process.Modern normal education was transplanted to China through Japan with the introduction of modern educational system.Chinese people have certain cultural resistance in psychological acceptance.From the establishment of Nanyang Normal College and its primary school in 1897 to the end of Nanjing National Government in 1949,the development of educational practicum in more than half a century is an important part of the modernization history of modern Chinese normal education.The origination,smooth progress,loss of independence,reestablishment of independent status of normal education and the change of educational goal after the comprehensive anti Japanese war all have an important impact on the development of educational practicum.Educational practicum has gone through three periods: the period of germination,the period of promotion &innovation and the period of adjustment & development.Theoretical research has gradually deepened,and the system has become increasingly mature,but the practical effect is generally difficult to achieve the expected results.Educational practicum as a special and important normal education curriculum,many measures has been taken in the curriculum design and implementation in modern China's normal universities and schools.According to the actual situation of our school,they concretized the national and local practicum system,compiled and selected practicum textbooks,selected the best practicum teachers,and organized normal students to prepare for educational practicum.The affiliated school is the most important practicum organization of normal students' educational practicum.The relationship between modern affiliated school and normal universities and schools,the scale of the affiliated school,the class establishment,the effect of running a school,the practice system,the qualification of the instructor and the performance of their duties all affect the effect of normal students' educational practicum.Educational practicum course is a practical activity course,its implementation includes educational visit activities,educational internship activities and educational practicum activities.Although there are some problems in the practice of educational visit activities,it has realized irreplaceable value for the professional and personality development of normal students,and is an indispensable part of normal students' educational practicum.Educational internship is a semi independent activity with the help of instructors.In practice,educational internship of modern normal students has changed into various forms,but it has the value of preparing for independent educational practice.Educational practicum(teaching practice and administrative practice)is the core part of educational practice course.In the practice of teaching practice of modern normal students,the length of practice is different,but the overall is less than the needed,the time distribution was being changed,but generally concentrated;the goal and content can basically follow the system of teaching practicum,and the guidance form is diverse.From the teaching practice activities,administrative practice activities,reflection on educational practicum,evaluation of educational practicum and criticism of normal students' practice teaching at that time,on the one hand,normal students get a variety of experience,on the other hand,there are differences in the guidance effectiveness of normal students.From the above analysis of the history of modern normal students' educational practicum,we can draw the following conclusions: first,from the perspective of "the relationship between educational theory and practice",the "Apprenticeship" and "Theory-application" mode coexist in the educational practicum of modern Chinese normal students.In terms of system,apprenticeship was emphasized since 1934.Secondly,the educational practicum of normal students in modern China made arduous exploration in theory,system and practice,and played an important role in normal education at that time.Its research is gradually deepening,there is a certain path dependence in the system,there is a distance from the expectation in practice from the perspective of social value standards,but from the perspective of academic value standards,the results are rich,and the practice teaching criticism at that time has enlightening significance for today's educational practicum;third,in the process of China's normal education modernization,the teaching of educational theory,the practical conditions of primary and secondary education,and the practice of education are of great significance The way of treating the Western normal education system and the attitude of traditional culture towards normal education and teachers' profession all have an impact on the practice of educational practicum.The tradition of educational practicum formed in modern normal education is the historical source of our current normal students' educational practicum.Taking history as a mirror is an important way to study and understand the current problems of educational practice. |
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