Introduction Of Exotic And Local Creation:A Study Of Primary School Lesson Plans In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of China

Primary education is the initial stage of a country's talent training.This paper uses historical research,literature research,interdisciplinary research and other methods to comprehensively investigate the primary school lesson plans in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,which is not only conducive to deepening the understanding of the primary school teaching at that time,but also has great enlightenment significance for the contemporary education and research.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the primary school lesson plans generally experienced four stages of development: germination,development,reform,and localization.On the whole,the education theory has changed from being taught in Japan,Europe and the United States to localization,the concept of "teaching" begins to change to the concept of "learning",the teaching process has changed from "teacher-based" to "child-based",and the teaching content has changed from attaching importance to textbooks to attaching importance to Children's lives have changed,and teaching methods have changed from single to plural,from opposition to unity.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the primary school lesson plans mainly included six types: stage lesson plan,double-entry lesson plan,out of school lesson plan,self-study tutoring lesson plan,design lesson plan,and teaching learning and practice lesson plan.The stage lesson plan solves the problem of how to carry out group teaching.The duplex lesson plan solves how teachers can carry out teaching activities for multiple classes in the same classroom.The out of school lesson plan combines classroom teaching with out of school inspections to make teaching more complete.The self-study tutoring lesson plan focuses on learning first,teaching based on learning,focusing on children's self-study,and teachers only tutoring from the side.The design lesson plan integrates social life into the school,and all kinds of design activities are centered on children,so that children learn by doing,realizing the transformation of experience.teaching learning and practice lesson plan breaks the boundaries between life and school.Teachers and students learn knowledge in practice,and they exercise their mind in action.Looking at the primary school teaching plan at that time from the perspective of "teaching design",although the expression of teaching objectives is too general,it takes into account the development of students and the needs of society as a whole.The selection and organization of teaching materials have changed from adult to child.In terms of teaching strategies,teachers use the question-and-answer method flexibly to cultivate children's attitudes and habits of independent thinking and research.Taking the lesson plan as the carrier,we can deeply examine the theory and practice of primary school teaching in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.From a theoretical point of view,the development of primary school teaching theory at that time included the following stages: reference and internalization,improvement and reform,and localization;from a practical perspective,the primary school teaching activities in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have the following characteristics: First,the teaching goal is to attach equal importance to morality and ability,and the learning content comes from children's life;second,the teaching form is integrated inside and outside the school,and the teaching method advocates learning as the master and teaching as the auxiliary;thirdly,the learning method emphasizes the unity of knowledge and action,and criticism and reflection focus on teachers and students' self-evaluation and self-assessment.Summarize.The development of primary school lesson plans in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was mainly affected by social changes,changes in teaching theory.The preparation and implementation of lesson plans mainly include two characteristics: the lesson plan is jointly created by teachers and students,and the implementation process takes into account both presupposition and generation.From the perspective of implementation results,the various teaching methods contained in the primary school lesson plans not only stay at the conceptual level,but also directly promote the teaching reform again and again in my country.