A Study On The Compilation Of Modern Chinese Dialect Dictionaries Under The Framework Of Lexicography

Based on the theoretical basis of discourse lexicography,comparative lexicography and cognitive lexicography,this paper uses literature research methods,comparative analysis methods,and example analysis methods to explore all aspects of modern Chinese dialect dictionary compilation.In terms of the macro structure of dialect dictionaries,this article mainly discusses the problems of word collection and retrieval of dialect dictionaries;in terms of the micro structure,it focuses on the phonetic notation,word usage and interpretation of dialect dictionaries.On the issue of word collection of dialect dictionaries,the article proposes that it must follow the principle of pertinence,stability,productivity,and economy;at the same time,compared with the word collection of general Chinese dictionary,which follows the principles of universality,high frequency words and standardization,the dialect dictionary should pay more attention to the principles of distinctiveness and reality,and highlight the rationale principle of local characteristic words.The scope of the collection of words should be all the words commonly used by people in this area,including local characteristic words,common words corresponding to Mandarin,and loan words derived from other dialects.According to the function and object of the dictionary,we should make a certain emphasis: The local characteristic words should be described in detail;the dialect loan words from other dialects can provide data for the horizontal and vertical research of the dialect.If they are also commonly used in this dialect,they should be selected and included;for dialects corresponding to Mandarin,the commonly used and common ones should be selected for inclusion.The words should mainly come from the spoken language of the local people;those from the literature can only be used as supplements.As a phrase being included in the dialect dictionary,it must meet the following conditions: or the semantic transparency is low,it must take the whole as the object of understanding;or it carries the special meaning of local culture;or it can reflect the special collocation of dialect;or its components are not included in the dictionary because they are not commonly used,while the form of the phrase is commonly used.In terms of phonetic notation in dialect dictionaries,currently available dialect dictionaries can be divided into two categories: a single form of phonetic notation and a comprehensive form of phonetic notation.Among the single-form phonetic notation methods,Chinese pinyin phonetic notation is suitable for dialects that are not very different from Mandarin;the international phonetic notation is a universal method that can be used to mark all dialects,but it will be a bit difficult for ordinary readers to use,so they need to learn to master it;the self-contained phonetic scheme should be designed as close as possible to the “Chinese Pinyin Scheme” for the convenience of readers.You can also use a combination of two or more methods of phonetic notation.There are many complicated phonetic changes in dialects.We advocate marking specific phonetic changes that cannot be analogized in dictionaries.Regular phonetic changes are explained in the explanation section of the dictionary to state their general rules of change.Only single-character sounds can be noted and the regular continuous pronunciation changes of muti-syllable words are not marked in the text.If the dialect dictionary describes a wide range of dialects and there are differences in phonetics,the standard phonetic location must be determined.Taking the urban accent of a representative city in the region as the standard is a more appropriate method.The dialect population in the region tends to think that the accent of the central city is a positive accent,and they consciously or unconsciously imitate it,which also represents the development direction of dialect phonetics.With regard to the use of characters in dialect dictionaries,when using characters to fix the dialects that have long existed in oral form,methods such as making characters,borrowing characters,examining the original characters,and using empty symbols presenting the oral words without character are used.Among them,there are pictophonetic,referential,understanding,resection,synaeresis,and adding parts to create new characters.Borrowing characters include single-type characters,combined characters,homophones characters and synonymous characters,variants and traditional characters,etc.,try to avoid the use of empty symbols.Regarding the interpretation principles of dialect dictionaries,we believe that the interpretation of dialect dictionaries must follow the four most important principles,namely,the principle of integrity,the principle of comprehensiveness,the principle of balance and the principle of conciseness.The principle of integrity is a macro-level requirement for interpretation,requiring the editor to have a holistic view,and to appropriately adopt a unified interpretation mode for the words with same “semantic fields”,and at the same time,we should pay attention to mutual reference between entries,and make good use of the reference system of the dictionary;the principle of comprehensiveness aims at the interpretation of a single entry,and requires comprehensive interpretation of the lexical meaning,grammatical information,emotional color,style and pragmatics of the entry as much as possible,and comprehensive care should be taken at the same time in terms of vertical aggregation and horizontal combination,we should pay attention to embodying the development context of the meaning of words and the ability to combine words.The principle of balance is aimed at the paraphrase nature of the entry,and the linguistic and encyclopedic properties should be taken into consideration,especially the encyclopedia of the cultural words with local characteristics;the principle of conciseness is aimed at the paraphrase content and language of the entry,which requires simplicity and clarity.At the same time,as a special language dictionary,at the current stage,we cannot require dialect dictionaries to mark all words in terms of part-of-speech,but for those who need to be marked part-of-speech we should pay attention to the norms and should not affect the comprehensiveness of the dictionary;words that reflect regional culture,history,folklore,etc.,words with low transparency and foreign words need to be marked with justifications for the words,which does not affect the conciseness of interpretation.In terms of the way of interpretation,we should pay special attention to distinguish the homographs and polysemous words in the dialect in the way of presenting the interpretation in dialect dictionaries.When encountering words with more than one meaning,first list the several meanings corresponding to this word form.Then,examine their associations,and classify these meanings.Words that belong to homophones and homographs should be divided into different categories,and words belonging to polysemy should be presented in different meanings.The paraphrase expression methods of dialect dictionaries include paraphrase,descriptive explanatory,definition and comprehensive description.We believe that dialect dictionaries should strengthen the scientific interpretation of the presentation,arrange the meaning items in accordance with the development of the meaning of the word or logical order,and the relationship between the meaning items should be clarified for the words with different development context,and the understanding and investigation of the meaning of the word should be strengthened.Enhancing the diversity of interpretation and expression methods,and increasing interpretation methods such as picture interpretation methods,so that the interpretation of dialect dictionaries is more direct and clear.With regard to the compilation and retrieval of dictionaries,the current dialect dictionaries can be arranged in the form of phonetic order as the main and form order as a supplement,or simply by form order and semantic order.We believe that the sequence method is more in line with the current development stage of dialect dictionaries and the research status of dialect.The form sequence method and the meaning sequence rule can be used as a useful supplement to the sequence method.The retrieval methods of dialect dictionaries must be diversified.We especially advocate adding semantic indexes to dialect dictionaries to enhance the integrity and use value of dialect dictionaries.As a special language dictionary,Dialect dictionaries have different characteristics from general language dictionaries.There are also some points that need special attention in the compilation process.“A study on the Compilation of Modern Chinese Dialect Dictionaries under the Framework of Lexicography” conducts a more comprehensive review of the compilation of modern Chinese dialect dictionaries.Through systematically observing the writers' intentions and efforts,some relevant issues in the compilation process are refined,summarized,and generalized.We hope this work would contribute to add a chapter of “dialect dictionary” in the current Chinese lexicography field.