Pao Ge's Governance:Social Control And Order In The Period Of Decline Of State Power

The first half of the 20th century was a period of gradual collapse and disintegration of traditional China,as well as a historical period of the formation and construction of modern China.In the important period of the alternation of old and new national development,the traditional state has no control over some turbulent areas and blank areas in its territory.In this case,why did the turbulent rural society in the western Sichuan plain produce gown governance,how did gown governance govern the rural society under the condition of the state controlling the decline,and finally why completely disappeared in the historical stage.What is the logic of the transformation of state power and social power in the whole process of the emergence and extinction of Pao Ge's governance if it is examined in the process of the transformation from traditional China to modern China.This study focuses on these issues.This study is carried out from the following two lines of thinking:one is to clarify the formation,basis,mode and effect of Pao Ge's governance,as well as the politics of the state and society competing for rural control in the macro-environment and micro-environment level,when both the state control ability and the state governance ability have declined dramatically.Another way of thinking is to clarify the logic of the transformation of state power and social power from traditional state to modern state in the process of the emergence and function of gown governance to disappearance in the historical stage.This paper explores the relationship between "state and society" through an empirical study of the case of gown governance in rural society in Western Sichuan plain under specific historical background.On the one hand,we can observe the power relationship between the control and counter-revolt of the traditional national grassroots local regimes and social forces through the phenomenon of Pao Ge governance,as well as the interest collusion relationship under the common goal,and reveal the power basis and operation mode of rural social governance.On the other hand,it reveals the logic of mutual transformation between state power and social power in different historical processes in the process of transition from traditional China to modern China through the phenomenon of gown governance,and observes the validity of this logic.The formation of Pao Ge governance is the result of the decline of social control in the traditional state.The Pao Ge Society plundered and seized the state's control over the rural society in the western Sichuan plain.On the basis of gaining the control over the rural society,it carried out social governance according to organized violence,rural morality and quasi-public power.The way of gown governance mainly includes social control of organized violence,Moral Governance and cooperative governance with local regimes based on interest collusion.Although this kind of rural governance can satisfy the public social goal of "protecting the environment and ensuring the people"under the specific historical conditions,it has obvious limitations to pursue the organizational selfinterest goal in the way of "rule by man" by the elder brother Pao,which is reflected in the lack of fairness and procedural nature of rural governance.This paper holds that the fluctuating social control in the historical process of the traditional state provides the historical conditions and space for the governance of robes and brothers based on Quasi-public power;contends for the control of rural society by the local regimes in the turbulent period of the political decline of the traditional state,and constructs the legitimate basis for the control.It is the power base of Pao Ge's transformation from secret societies to rural governance roles,but as a variant of the traditional rural governance model,Pao Ge's governance and quasi-public power have been re-integrated into the constituent elements of the national regime system in the process of the growth of a country transforming from a traditional country to a modern one.The research method is mainly empirical method.Through a three-month field survey,using the analysis methods of "structure function" and "relationship behavior",this paper observes the governance of paoge in the Western Sichuan plain rural society in the period of traditional state political decline,and explores the internal interaction logic between social power and state power.