Research On Gramsci's Thought Of Cultural Leadership

Gramsci is a star figure in the history of the development of Marxism,which stems from his ups and downs of life experience,firm revolutionary will and profound reflection on the proletarian revolution.Gramsci both the dual identity of revolutionaries and theorists,which not only gave him the profundity of revolutionary tactics,but also endowed him with the practicality of revolutionary theory.And both of these tendencies lead to his most distinctive theory of cultural leadership.Since the reform and opening up,the study of Gramsci in the domestic academic circles is gradually heating up,and the theory of cultural leadership,as the most central part of Gramsci thought,has become the focus of scholars,and the related academic research results are endless.On the whole,we all try to penetrate into Gramsci's theoretical perspective through our own thinking and depict the logical clues and theoretical features of cultural leadership theory from the complicated textual expressions.However,due to the late start of the study,the short time,the difference of theoretical perspective and other reasons,the conclusions of these studies began to diverge,and even deviated from the basic theoretical framework of Marxist ideology trend.In view of this,we think it is necessary to rethink and examine the relevant theories of cultural leadership from the perspective of Marxist ideology,on the basis of absorbing and drawing on the existing research results,From the theory of cultural leadership Theoretical source,philosophical foundation,logical premise,core content,theoretical influence and contemporary enlightenment And so on,six aspects to carry out researchinorder to gain a useful exploration for grasping the leadership of ideological work in contemporary China.Gramsci is a proletarian revolutionary.the fundamental purpose of his thinking about cultural leadership is to realize the victory of the proletarian revolution in Italy.Therefore,the theory of cultural leadership is first of all a revolutionary strategy and a proletarian revolutionary strategy thought facing the developed capitalist society.This strategy is different from the violent revolutionary strategy in the era of Marx and Engels,different from the parliamentary struggle strategy of the second International,and different from the political struggle strategy led by Lenin.It creatively regards the cultural leadership as the first stop of the revolutionary struggle.It holds that we must first seize the cultural leadership in the civil society in order to achieve political leadership and ensure the fruits of victory.This is obviously different from classical Marxist theory.However,does this mean that Gramsci's theory of cultural leadership has become a unique proletarian revolutionary theory different from Marxism? This is not the case.The other side of the theory of cultural leadership is a theory of ideology.Marxism has its own ideological theory,and Marx and Engels formulated the basic principle that the economic base determines the superstructure within the cognitive framework of historical materialism.Ideology is a part of the superstructure and is a subjective reflection of the economic base and political superstructure.The relationship between the theory of cultural leadership and the principle of superstructure determined by the economic foundation has become an important symbol for people to judge the relationship between Gramsci's thought and Marxism.We believe that the theory of cultural leadership does not go beyond the coverage of Marxist ideological theory.Gramsci not only clearly recognizes the final decisive role of the economic foundation,but also emphasizes the necessary role of ideology in the cohesion of revolutionary forces.in fact,it creatively carries forward the reaction of the ideological superstructure to the economic base.However,Gramsci is not Marx and Engels or Lenin after all.In Gramsci's theory of cultural leadership,we can still see its emphasis on human subjective initiative,equating the status of spiritual factors and material factors in the choice of revolutionary strategies,and emphasizing the theoretical tone of dialectics that matter and spirit interact.This is not only related to the revolutionary conditions faced by Gramsci,but also to Gramsci's ideological background.Under the influence of Croce,Labriola and the tradition of Italian political thought,Gramsci formed a unique practical philosophy.The philosophical system intends to transcend the traditional dual division of mechanical materialism and idealism and takes the practice of the unity of subject and object as the fundamental logic for understanding human social activities and analyzing the development of social history.It is this unique practical perspective that injects new theoretical energy into Gramsci's theory of cultural leadership,enabling Gramsci to break through the shackles of the second international economic determinism and start with practice.starting from reality,we find a special scheme adapted to the special contradiction of the Italian revolution.From this point of view,Gramsci really inherited the quintessence of all the real materialism of Marx and Engels,and understood Marxism as a method rather than as a dogma.Gramsci's theory of cultural leadership has become an indispensable experience for the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics because of its theoretical and methodological refinement.In contemporary China,firmly grasping the leadership of ideological work has become a necessary condition for realizing the party's centralized and unified leadership and forming the party's ruling legitimacy.If we want to deal with the ideological problem well,it is impossible to rely on unilateral indoctrination alone.We must combine the actual situation of the masses of the people,combine the historical situation of ideology,proceed from the fundamental interests of the masses of the people,and obtain the people's "consent" to proletarian ideology and socialist culture.In addition,the modernization of social governance system and governance ability is one of the core goals of China's socialist modernization.social governance involves the organization of grass-roots people,and the theory of cultural leadership is also an effective exploration of grass-roots organization.It can provide useful reference for the construction of grass-roots organizations and the construction of democracy and the rule of law at the grass-roots level.