Study On The Effect Of Government Human Capital Investment In Poverty Governance In China

Poverty is a global social and economic phenomenon.It's a worldwide problem in developing countries and even developed countries and regions,and it constitutes one of the most common and challenging global problems in contemporary times.The Chinese Communist Party(CCP)has given high priority to poverty alleviation in governing China.It has launched the largest and most powerful event against poverty in human history,creating a miracle in the history of poverty reduction.Over the past four decades and more since reform and opening-up,more than 700 million people have gotten rid of poverty,contributed over 70%to global poverty reduction,and achieved the poverty reduction target set out in United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule.China built a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020,successfully completed the new era of poverty goal task in 2021,has eliminated absolute poverty and entered the first five-year stage of development toward the Second Centenary Goal.The achievements of poverty alleviation and reduction in China come from the combined effect of high-speed economic growth and poverty alleviation and development policies,while the institutional characteristics of China in many aspects provide a guarantee for the achievements of poverty alleviation.Over the course of poverty alleviation,especially since the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy,under the leadership of the CCP,China has given full play to its political and institutional strengths,forged a concerted effort by the whole society to combat poverty,and established a responsibility system for poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics.Among them,the China's poverty experience shows that the investment of human capital has played a huge role,and the focus of poverty alleviation work has shifted from simply focusing on the development and construction of material capital to paying more attention to the investment of human capital.Human capital investment is not only an important way to solve the problem of poverty,but also plays an important role in improving personal income and social and economic development.Therefore,it's important to study the investment path of human capital to form a discussion on the performance of poverty governance and to analyze the internal mechanism and effect,which is of great significance and value for the adjustment of poverty governance measures in the process of the transformation of China's poverty problem in the new stage.The government human capital investment refers to the national government as the main input body,material resource and policy guarantee related investment and spending,through human capital inputs such as formal education,training,social security and migration way,directly or indirectly improves laborer labor productivity,finally achieve the workers' skills for their own quality and improve,the increase in the income as well as the effect of promoting the overall quality of human resources.By reviewing literature,integrating domestic and foreign research of poverty and human capital,grasp the effect of the government human capital invests to poverty governance from the perspective of poverty's historical origin,main types,governance mode and human capital input approach and mode of action.Then getting basic argument:the effect of the government human capital investment in poverty governance in China.The research is centering on this theme,carrying out by combining normative analysis with empirical analysis,qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis,which includes the following four aspects:Firstly,it analyzes the role of government human capital investment in poverty governance from a theoretical perspective,which forms the theoretical basis and research starting point of this thesis.Based on the theory of poverty,poverty management and human capital,this thesis analyzes the theoretical ways and influences of government human capital input in detail,including education and training,social security and migration,which how work on poverty governance,and builds a theoretical analysis framework to consolidate the theoretical analysis foundation of the study.Secondly,it analyzes the role of human capital investment in the historical stage of poverty control in China.Five stages of poverty alleviation in China are summarized,including ensuring survival period(1949-1985),ensuring adequate food and clothing period(1986-2000),consolidating food and clothing period(2001-2013),building a moderately prosperous society in all respects period(2014-2020),and all-round modernization period(2021-).In the four historical stages of poverty alleviation,the government implemented different poverty alleviation policies according to the actual situation and the needs of the people.China has achieved remarkable results in poverty reduction.Due to the goal of poverty governance is also undergoing new changes after 2021,which from absolute poverty to relative poverty.Therefore,author tries to tease out the performance of relative poverty,including large relative gap,unequal public services and poverty of special groups,and its characteristics,such as multidimensional,mobile and relative,so as to provide thinking ideas and directions for the next poverty governance work.In the process of poverty reduction,human capital investment in education,training,social security and migration has played an important role in poverty control in the past and provided some experience and inspiration for relative poverty governance in the future.Thus,forming the historical experience and practical basis of study.Thirdly,it verifies the performance of human capital investment in poverty governance from the perspective of statistical analysis.This thesis builds empirical analysis models from two perspectives of human capital investment to control absolute poverty and relative poverty,and evaluates the role of human capital investment in education and training,health care,social security and employment in poverty control(because of official statistics caliber of classification,statistical analysis chapter of the human capital investment ways is divided into three parts which has education and training,medical treatment and public health,social security and employment).The results show that the investment of human capital significantly reduces the incidence of absolute poverty and increases the per capita income and consumption level.However,the relationship between government human capital input and absolute poverty is not a simple linear one,but a U-shaped one,reflecting that the role of human capital input in eliminating absolute poverty will increase first and then decrease,and there is a threshold effect in the play of its governance effectiveness.In terms of the performance of relative poverty control performance,the government human capital investment has not significant effect to residents' income gap and the gap of urban and rural.Namely the current government human capital investment has a negative effect to relieve relative poverty,may even worse it.Fourthly,the governance effect,limitations and causes of absolute poverty and relative poverty of human capital investment are deeply explored by qualitative interview.Study founds that:the U-shaped relationship is explained by the poverty trap of education,the living conditions of poor households,the sole reliance on social security inputs,and discrimination in migration and employment.The policy orientation of poverty governance is not balanced development strategy and differences of individual ability provided a reasonable explanation for the relative poverty governance.Qualitative interviews explained the results of poverty governance and the underlying causes,which not only provided a reference for the current government's anti-poverty behavior,attention distribution and performance output of poverty alleviation,but also could contribute new countermeasures to update the existing poverty reduction measures from the perspective of government human capital investment.On the basis of theoretical analysis and historical analysis,through statistical analysis of the detailed and reliable results,and then the qualitative interviews conducted in depth excavation behind potential causes and internal logic,thus put forward five innovation measures of government human capital invest in poverty governance in the new stage of comprehensive construction socialism modernization,including that:the first one is to define the target the poor population,combining with the reality of poverty management in China,this thesis proposes to construct poverty standard from two perspectives of relative poverty and multidimensional poverty,so as to realize more accurate investment of human capital in poverty alleviation.The second one is to adjust the basic direction of the governmental human capital investment in poverty control,and optimize the overall way of investment in absolute and relative poverty control.On the one hand,continue to invest in absolute poverty,consolidate the existing achievements in poverty alleviation,and deepen the rural revitalization strategy.On the other hand,to expand the scope of investment in dealing with relative poverty,adjusted and optimized the way of investment,and adhered to the concept of giving priority to the development of rural agriculture.The third is to improve the quality of human capital education measures,enhance education awareness,improve the concept of education.Continue to increase investment in education to achieve equal education between urban and rural areas.Optimize the overall level from the aspects of education years,education quality and education coverage.The fourth is to drive on the migration strategy of labor employment and entrepreneurship,focusing on the implementation of policies to encourage labor migration.Improving employment and entrepreneurship information management and public service system.Getting through the migration and employment channel of matching people and positions.Establishing a coordinated mechanism for promoting poverty alleviation through industry,skill training,employment and entrepreneurship.The fifth one is to improve social security by providing a more comprehensive scope of security,more integrated urban and rural security,and a more comprehensive level of public services in poor areas.So that we can help the poor people in a more comprehensive and targeted way,and ultimately achieve poverty reduction,modernization,common prosperity,and the second Centenary Goal.